A Community Empowerment Model through Pesantren-based Family Empowerment Post (Posdaya)

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze A Community Empowerment Model through Pesantrenbased Family Empowerment Post (Posdaya). Design/methodology/approach: The method used is composes a reality to be a story, describing a problem, event, phenomenon orderly, followed by analysis and interpretation to analyze the data in a perfect sequence. Findings: 3 hypotheses are rejected while the other 3 is accepted. Research limitations/implications: These components were: 1) Data collection; this was done through interviews. Besides, the data were also collected through a literature study. 2) Data Reduction, after the data were gathered, the researcher focused on removing unnecessary data and arrange the data to gain a conclusion. 3) Data display, this was done through sentences and structured story. 4) Conclusion drawing, this was done to gain full meaning from the processed data, creating a clear, complete synopsis. Practical implications: Results show that from the 3 hypotheses proposed accepted, 1) Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to improve its resources through training or organizational education in order to improve the quality of empowerment program and the continuity of Posdaya activities. 2) Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to strengthen its social capital by establishing stronger social relationships with stakeholders, thus opening accessibility for community empowerment, or family empowerment in particular. 3) Pesantren-based Posdaya should strengthen its organizational structure and workgroup as the program implementer, and continuously monitor the program. Originality/value: This paper is original. Paper type: This paper can be categorized as a case study.


INTRODUCTION
The government has applied various approaches to implement various community empowerment programs. One of the approaches is an approach that places family and the individual as the center of the empowerment. This is reflected in the Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia no. 3 of 2010 on an equitable development program, where the national development is directed to three concentrations namely: First, be pro-people for family-based poverty countermeasure, community empowerment, and micro and small enterprise empowerment; Second, justice for all, including justice for children, women and employee, law, and marginal and poor community; Third, The achievement of millennium goals with eight targets, particularly poverty reduction.
The issuance of that presidential instruction is followed by the President's call to stakeholders and the development actor to take a role in poverty reduction and community empowerment. Human and family development are not only the government's responsibility, but they also require collaboration and participation from the community. As a response to the policy, Dana Sejahtera Mandiri Foundation, widely known as Damandiri Foundation, initiates the establishment of the Family Empowerment Post (Posdaya) as the center for community development, especially at the lowest level both in the rural area and urban area.
Posdaya is a forum where its members perform real activities of development movement at the lowest level of environment, namely Rukun Tetangga (RT) and Rukun Warga (RW), dukuh or Dusun. In Posdaya, the families, as a member of the program, are directed to revive the culture of Gotong Royong (communal work) through family empowerment activities, notably to broaden the coverage and improve the quality of education and health care, as well as to develop entrepreneurship. Posdaya is a forum for silaturahmi, advocacy, communication, information, and education. It can also be developed for the coordination of activities that integratively strengthen the functions of the family. In some instances, This can become a place for an integrative family service. This service concerns with sustainable family development in various fields, primarily in religious, educational, health, entrepreneurship, and environmental matters. Thus, the families can harmoniously autonomously grow in their own village.
One of the development forms initiated by the Damandiri Foundation is the Pesantrenbased Family Empowerment Post. Pesantren-based Family Empowerment Post is a social and economic empowerment model that synergizes pesantren's religious function with social, economic, and family functions. Society, especially the Muslim community, always view pesantren as the center of various events, not only religious events but also the community social events. By putting pesantren as the center of the program's activity, the activity will be relevant to the culture that lives and grows among society.
Pesantren can also be viewed as a social institution, a place where social interaction among Muslim communities is developed and reinforced. Pesantren can be used to strengthen the solidarity and harmony of a community, which is one of the reasons why Posdaya is established.
Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin is one of Pesantren-based Family Empowerment Posts established by developing Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin empowers the surrounding community by broadening the network, social relation, and economic improvement followed by advocacy and education of Islamic values in community's social life. Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin is one of the unique Posdayas. It emerges in the middle of Pesantren Rakyat, a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) that is different from pesantren as commonly known by the public. As stated in its website, the vision of Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin is "to make the community more Islamic, to use people-based curriculum, to study the people's need, to conduct a people-style discussion, management, to wear people-style fashion, to carry out peoplestyle socialization and to apply people-style concept in various aspect of life. However, this pesantren is still built based on Islamic values that are in accordance with teachings from Allah and the prophet Muhammad PBUH"( Pesantren Rakyat, 2013).

A. Previous Studies
This uniqueness draws attention from many research with different perspectives. Mufidah (2012) conducted a study on Pesantren Rakyat by focusing on the traditional collaboration between the abangan community and the suburban santri community. In 2015, Anwas conducted a study focusing on the use of information and communication technology in Pesantren Rakyat. While Yahya (2014) studied Islamic education learning applied through cultural art in Pesantren Rakyat. Taufik (2012) studied the construction and accommodation of Pesantren toward the community culture in pesantren Rakyat. Jumain (2015) conducted a study at Pesantren Rakyat by focusing on the educational model in pesantren rakyat. Some other studies focus more on using Pesantren Rakyat Alamin's point of view. Out of various studies on Pesantren Rakyat, there had been no study on the presence of family empowerment post established in Pesantren Rakyat. The presence of Posdaya in the middle of the community in Sumberpucung village has brought significant changes for the local people's life. Even to date, this Posdaya has been viewed as an exemplary national model to develop other Posdayas. This is why the present study is conducted. The present study primarily aims to analyze the community empowerment model through mosque (pesantren) -based Posdaya, and to see the model of the intervention of community organization that emerges in Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al Amin at Sumberpucung Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency. H1: Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to improve its resources through training or organizational education in order to improve the quality of empowerment program and the continuity of Posdaya activities. H2: Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to strengthen its social capital by establishing stronger social relation with stakeholders, thus opening accessibility for community empowerment, or family empowerment in particular. H3: Pesantren-based Posdaya should strengthen its organizational structure and workgroup as the program implementer, and continuously monitor the program

II. METHODOLOGY
The present study is categorized as a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative method is selected since it allows adjusting general principles in collecting and obtaining the informant's understanding. The descriptive approach provides a detailed picture of the object, case, and situations. This method composes a reality to be a story, describing a problem, event, phenomenon orderly, followed by analysis and interpretation to analyze the data in a perfect sequence.
The present study was conducted in Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin, Sumberpucung Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. The data were collected through observation and interviews with many stakeholders involved in the establishment, management, and implementation of Posdaya activities, including the Posdaya management, local government, and Sumberpucung village community. The data used in the present study included primary data from interviews and direct field observation. The secondary data were gathered from literature and references from books, journals, and other relevant reports. In conducting this study, the researcher employed some main components referring to Miles and Huberman, as cited in Sutopo (2006: 128). These components were: 1) Data collection; this was done through interviews. Besides, the data were also collected through a literature study. 2) Data Reduction, after the data were gathered, the researcher focused on removing unnecessary data and arrange the data to gain a conclusion. 3) Data display, this was done through sentences and structured story. 4) Conclusion drawing, this was done to gain full meaning from the processed data, creating a clear, complete synopsis.

Pesantren-based Family Empowerment Post
As stated by Haryono Suyono in his writing about the establishment and the development of Posdaya, published by Balai Pustaka in 2009, Posdaya is a forum for sillaturahmi, advocacy, communication, information, education, and is developed to coordinate activities to strengthen the family functions integratively. In some instances, This can ISSN : 2597-4785 (ONLINE) ISSN : 2597-4750 (PRINTED)

A Community Empowerment Model through Pesantren-based Family Empowerment Post (Posdaya) Andri Meiriki, Ety Rahayu, Risna Resnawaty
Page | 187 become a place to serve families integratively. This service concerns with sustainable family development in various fields, primarily in religious, educational, health, entrepreneurship, and environmental matters. Accordingly, the families can harmoniously, independently grow in their own village. In carrying out its function, Posdaya designs activities that suit the community and member's ability. Thus, the activities can be implemented by, from, and for the local community and family themselves. In other words, the activities are done based on the community's ability as an attempt to empower the prosperous family and to realize the people's welfare in general.
Based on that definition, according to Haryono Suyono, some issues that need clarification are that Posdaya is not aimed at replacing integrative social, economical service for the community such as Posyandu, BKB, PAUD, UPPKS, BLT, cheap rice program, and other development services. Posdaya is built as a forum to develop a dynamic, integrative empowerment activity, developmental empowerment for all family members. It aims to make the family head understand his role and function. In the end, each family head and member can remind each other to perform autonomous family empowerment. Integrative means that the plan, implementation, monitor, guidance, and evaluation of the program harmoniously and dynamically involve different officials or volunteers between the government, social organization, and the community elements. Dynamic harmony here means that it is necessary to have harmony in integrating the community interest and the government's and the private parties' ability to provide professional assistance to support the activities.
In its implementation, Posdaya is developed gradually, starting from the modest to the complex matters, depending on the community support. Posdaya paripurna is a varied empowerment forum, where most of the management and the funding are managed and originated from the community members. In this case, Posdaya is a place for all family members with broader work fields. Posdaya is a place to grow solidarity, awareness toward other citizens, and care to lend a hand and help each other in empowerment. Family with weak social, economic, and cultural condition is stimulated to join in Posdaya along with other families with a better condition. Thus, Posdaya always invites disadvantaged families to participate in the empowerment process through Posdaya activities. In Posdaya, families with better conditions, along with the government and the organization's support and guidance, are expected to help the families in need. In this way, Posdaya emerges as a place for empowerment, to increase knowledge and skill to enhance the family functions so that the family members can improve their life quality.
Regarding eight functions of family, Posdaya is developed gradually. In every Posdaya, there are eight work fields, and for each work field, a workgroup is formed. The eight workgroups are the Workgroup for Religion, Workgroup for Compassion, the Workgroup for Social-Culture, the Workgroup for Protection, the Workgroup for Family Planning Posdaya is developed from family groups for any activities. If a Posdaya is developed from Posyandu (Center for pre-and postnatal health care and service), the Posyandu activities should be added by advocating broader family functions, for instance, activities regarding child's health, the practical guideline for Child's growth, early childhood education, etc. Such activities addition should be in accordance with the Posyandu capacity (i.e. family planning and health matters), it is done by holding activities through family groups with preschool-aged-children, such as the group of Bina Keluarga Balita (Family Development program for preschool-aged children). The Posdaya can also be developed by preparing education for children in Elementary school, SLP, SLA ages, and skill training. Such activities can be introduced through the family groups with adolescents, namely Bina Keluarga Remaja (Family Development Program for Adolescents /BKR). For older adolescents, activities can be introduced through family groups with adult members, namely Bina Keluarga Dewasa (Family Development Program for Adult /BKD). Other development programs may involve elder groups, people with disability, low-income family, and family groups with productive economic activities or cooperative.
Posdaya can also be developed by a cooperative group or an entrepreneur who has business activities in his/her village. The entrepreneur or Cooperative management can use the cooperative or the business center of that entrepreneur as a post for community activities. This post invites other families who have not joined as a member or those who are not involved in the business. The entrepreneur or the cooperative managements then add the group activities with community social programs such as education and health. Thus, they participate in the development by using some of their profit. In principle, the target of this activity is the emergence of joint effort so that each family possesses the ability to implement the eight family functions. In implementing SDGs, the development of family function is oriented to five main priorities, namely the village, district, and regency leaders and elders' commitment, the development of religious function, family planning, and health functions, educational function, entrepreneurial function, and environmental function that are meaningful for happy and prosperous family life. Therefore, such joint efforts may turn Posdaya into a place to assist the family empowerment, allowing each family to learn from other families or the speaker invited to the Posdaya. Through such empowerment, each family is expected to be a subject that autonomously develops its family members.  Based on the priority programs and form of community empowerment activities carried out by Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin, if we make a performance analysis, where we can view the effect of the presence of this Posdaya on the community's social, cultural, economic, health, environmental, and religious life, the performance of Posdaya could be categorized as good in general. It is categorized as good because Posdaya manages to bring significant changes in the middle of the community. Some of the changes can be described as follow: order. This region was a "dark " area, there were rampant practices of prostitution, gambling, drug transaction, and other social diseases. Today, this area becomes a religious area. b. The majority of the people here were Abangan Ireng Muslims, today Abangan Ireng Muslims are difficult to find in this area. c. In this area, there was no representative Islam religious figure, nowadays, the religious figure possesses broad space for dakwah. d. The majority of people could not read Al-quran, at the present, there has been a supporting Quran reading course in this area. e. People did not care with Islamic holidays celebration, nowadays the people celebrate and participate in Islamic holidays. 2. Social and Cultural function a. Since Posdaya presents, social diseases such as nonmarital pregnancy, free sex, HIV/AIDS, and polygamy are reduced. b. Before the presence of Posdaya, there had been no training and guidance program for the community. Today, there are many educational programs and technical training that assist people to acquire skills. The number of educated citizen increases, and the programs that facilitate people to access information, knowledge, or business assistance also increase. c. The presence of Posdaya significantly diminish gangsterism, street children phenomena, gambling, and others. They are empowered and provided with shelter, education, and training so that they possess skill to survive in society. d. The most important point regarding the presence of Posdaya is that it can revive local culture wisdom, the jagong maton tradition that can raise social and cultural interaction that tighten social and cultural life of the community. e. There were many domestic violence, divorce, and social problems that occurred, today, such problems are difficult to find in this area. 3 Community Economic and Health Function a. The presence of Posdaya improve the social and economic status of the community, the majority of people were preprosperous family. Today, their economy is better, they are now categorized as prosperous family II and III, this improvement occurs due to their developed business. Many people have their own business, besides, many Posdaya activities in the form of economic mentoring and business training are held. This economic improvement can be seen from the increasing number of people who can afford to buy land and build their permanent house. b. Posdaya could make the community increasingly aware of their health, the mothers become more aware of their own and their baby's health. Besides, the community makes hygiene life as their habit, they also increasingly aware of green life. 4 Community Environmental and protective function a. In this area, the community were often threatened by criminal actions, domestic violence, mass brawl, and lack of family protection. Posdaya manages to change that condition. Now, people are more aware of their family and social environment, Posdaya is even able to provide family counseling for people who need it. Therefore, the potential violence is minimized,

An Overview of
Posdaya also manages to establish a center for family mediation, which will assist the community improve their own and their family image so that they could be more productive. b. Through Posdaya, a synergy between the community and the government is formed. Posdaya is able to provide a complete reflection for the regional government, delivering social interactions in the form of activities and development programs that support each other. The government could provide development program that directly synergize with the needs of community in Posdaya. c. There are more external parties who are willing to be involved in Posdaya, showing increasingly complex social relation. Therefore, a number of programs and workgroups emerge to create new pattern in developing the economy of the community. d. Posdaya is able to realize a conducive, well-ordered, clean, green, and harmonious environment for the community life. This could be realized due to the presence of family map. Posdaya creates Family Map to be used as a reference in order to make the empowerment program received by the right target in accordance with the basic problems faced by the targeted family.
In general, if we refer to the general picture of changes occurred in the community by the presence of Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin, Posdaya has conceptually been able to bring various changes in the middle of the community, these changes are: a. The presence of Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin is basically able to create harmony and dynamics of the life of the community, these are shown by more people who participate in supporting various programs and activities held by Posdaya. Huge community support results in wide domino effect so that the program could be easily realized. b. The emergence of various economic activities facilitated by Posdaya open the community awareness to be more active in innovatively and creatively seeking new sources of income. This motivates community to improve their quality. c. Many trainings and guidances open the community's insight and knowledge to be more aware of their family and environment. These activities affect their mindset and view of various forms of new policy interventions done either by the government, NGO, or other organizations including universities that attempt to strengthen the function of Posdaya in the community. d. Most importantly, Posdaya manages to revive social capital of the community, gotong-royong to develop their village, raise more human norms and social orders, increase the meaning of honesty, politeness, and morality. These emerge as the main capital to eradicate various social disease in the community.
Despite various social changes occur in the community due to the presence of Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin, problems are also found regarding the management and Some people even thought that Posdaya is the government project, which is needed for the government's temporary interest. Besides, the nonphysical hindrance is also associated with the managements who are sometimes busy due to their main activities in addition to managing Posdaya. There are even some people who begin to be bored to manage the sustainability of Posdaya due to monotonous job. Limited number of young cadres should also be taken into consideration for the sustainability of the Posdaya. There is a challenge to manage Posdaya in a professional manner because in the future, the flow of information and technology will enormously the continuity of Posdaya. Another nontechnical hindrance that emerges was the challenge to maintain intensive relational pattern with other parties to maintain the interaction and the continuity of the implemented program. Based on the analysis on the problems regarding Posdaya management, and the performance and the potentials of Posdaya Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin, it is pivotal to always improve the community empowerment through pesantren-based Posdaya. In the future, some necessary steps are: 1) Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to improve its resources through training or organizational education in order to improve the quality of empowerment program and the continuity of Posdaya activities. 2) Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to strengthen its social capital by establishing stronger social relation with stakeholders, thus opening accessibility for community empowerment, or family empowerment in particular. 3) Pesantren-based Posdaya should strengthen its organizational structure and workgroup as the program implementer, and continuously monitor the program.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis of the program implementation and problem identification in managing pesantren-based Posdaya, some plans for developing the community empowerment program are proposed as follow: 1) Pesantren-based Posdaya needs to improve its resources through training or organizational education in order to improve the quality of empowerment program and the continuity of Posdaya activities. 2) Pesantrenbased Posdaya needs to strengthen its social capital by establishing stronger social relation with stakeholders, thus opening accessibility for community empowerment, or family empowerment in particular. 3) Pesantren-based Posdaya should strengthen its organizational structure and workgroup as the program implementer, and continuously monitor the program.