COVID 19 IMPACT ON FOOD CROP AGRICULTURE IN EAST JAVA INDONESIA

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analysis the impact of covid 19 on food crop agriculture in East Java Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample was an agricultural extension, and each region was by two (2) people chose, the reason for selecting agricultural extension was because the farming instructor accompanied farmers and had data on product development and farmer's behavior before COVID 19 and after COVID 19. Interviews were held from March to April 2020. Besides using primary data, this study also uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS Indonesia) from 1993 to 2015 and data from FAO from 1993 to 2015. Findings: The occurrence of COVID 19 has an impact on all aspects of the world and all sectors, one of which is food crops, how the effects of COVID 19 on food crop agriculture in East Java, the results of the study are the behavior of farmers in East Java relatively no difference before the occurrence of COVID 19 and after COVID 19, farmers still work as usual. Rice supply at the level of the farmer community is still sufficient because farmers have harvested a month in March 2020. In Bangkalan Madura the village government has the policy to carry out the harvest by renting harvest tools to anticipate COVID 19, while in Gresik and Lamongan areas farmers continue to do the harvest without assistance harvester. The role of advisory counselors is needed by farmers, this is because extension agents can become counselors of the COVID 19 problem in the community during a pandemic like this. With the COVID 19 outbreak, the brothers of the farmers returned home because of the culture of going back or also because the factories, shops, restaurants where they work have been close, this is a burden for farmers. Research limitations/implications: Number of informant is small. Practical implications: Agricultural management constraints in East Java, the majority of farmers are small farmers, institutions at the level of farmers are weak, limited access to markets and credit, inadequate infrastructure, have constrained agricultural productivity growth of small farmers. So, the condition must be improved. Originality/value: The condition is specific in Bangkalan. Paper type: Research paper. Keyword: COVID 19, food crop, food Management Received: July 21 st , 2020 Revised: September 16 th , 2020 Published: September 30 th , 2020


I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in Indonesia, one of which is food crop agriculture, food crops are dominated by rice and corn products. Rice and corn are food crops that are potentially consumed by the people of Indonesia, in research Zaeroni & Rustariyuni (2016)  which was previously known as the most significant food-producing country in the world, is currently experiencing a shift, where Indonesia's rice production has decreased compared to China.
Data from FAO 2020 shows that Indonesia produced 122,203,873 tons of rice, compared with Chinese production, which was able to reach 366,985,482 tons, which that Indonesia's rice production was only 32.3 percent. Compared to Chinese manufacturing, however, in 2001 to By 2018. There was a shift in data, where Indonesia was superior compared to other ASEAN countries namely Thailand and Vietnam, the average rice production in Thailand and Vietnam in 2000 up to 2018 was 60,298,396 tonnes and Vietnam 75,035,896 tonnes, this matter showed that Thai production was only 49.3 percent compared to Indonesia and Vietnam's output was 61.4 percent compared to Indonesian production.
Maize production in China is still superior to Indonesia, which is 348,228,559 tonnes, compared to Indonesian corn production 32,385,863 tons with corn producers in China, Thailand and Vietnam's production of 8,640,353 and 8,150,087 tonnes, meaning that Thailand's corn production is 26.7 percent compared to Indonesian Corn production and Vietnam's 25.2 percent compared to Indonesian Corn production.
The condition of Indonesia's rice and corn production in the world will have an impact on the status of rice and corn in Indonesia, especially in East Java, East Java is a region that has the potential to produce rice and corn compared to the other area in Indonesia, on the other hand, because of Indonesia's demand for rice and corn large enough.
The occurrence of COVID 19 has an impact on all aspects of the world and all sectors, one of which is food crops, how the effect of COVID 19 on food crop agriculture in East Java, this research is fascinating because Agriculture is crucial for development, mainly because agriculture can absorb the workforce of the majority (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012).
The objectives of this study are: 1. Analyzing the performance of rice and corn production in East Java, Indonesia 2. Analyzing the impact of COVID 19 on agriculture in East Java, Indonesia

II. METHODOLOGY
The selection of the research area was carried out deliberately in the districts of Gresik, Lamongan, and Bangkalan, while the reason for the range of the city was because the area had the potential to produce rice and corn. The research sample was an agricultural extension, and each region was by two (2) people chose, the reason for selecting agricultural extension was because the farming instructor accompanied farmers and had data on product development and farmer's behavior before COVID 19 and after COVID 19. Interviews were held from March to April 2020. Besides using primary data, this study also uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS Indonesia) from 1993 to 2015 and data from FAO from 1993 to 2015.

A. Food Crops Agriculture Performance in Indonesia
The performance of agricultural food crops can see from the area of rice and maize production in East Java. From the results of the analysis can be presented in the city of rice farming as follows: 1. Agriculture Land Area Indonesia The area of agricultural land in East Java shows the highest with an average area of 1,103,236 hectares, followed by Central Java 967,499 hectares and West Java 929,493 hectares, meaning that the harvest area of East Java is the most extensive compared to other regions in Java. The narrowest is the particular area of Yogyakarta, and this can see in figure 1.

figure 1. Source : BPS Indonesia, 2020
The area of agricultural land in East Java is the most extensive, with an average area of 1,103,236 hectares, followed by Central Java 967,499 hectares and West Java 929,493 hectares, meaning that the harvest area of East Java is the most extensive compared to other regions in Java. The narrowest is the particular area of Yogyakarta, and large land can be a development capital. Therefore, there is widespread belief that secure land tenure is the key to development (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012). Unsafe land rights cause market imperfections and increase risk perceived by farmers, such as the use of lower inputs and decreased productivity (Nguyen, 2012).

Rice Production in Indonesia
Based on BPS Indonesia data from 1993 to 2000, shows that rice production in East Java is still lower than in West Java, and in 2001 East Java rice production was able to increase output almost the same as West Java. Indicates that broad extensive agricultural land does not mean that it will be able to produce high production. It is conveyed by Ayehu & Besufekad (2015) that the use of agricultural land must also pay attention to topography, climate, physical and chemical soil, soil fertility, and socioeconomic conditions of the community. Rice production in East Java, West Java, and Central Java tends to increase, but the particular regions of Yogyakarta and Bali show stagnant development, this is because the Bali region is a tourism area, relatively much land is intended for tourism, as well as the Jakarta area as the capital of the State of Indonesia