Acceptance, Effectiveness and Relationship of Blended Learning Implementation Among Lecturers in Polytechnic

Blended learning is one of the key pedagogical approaches being used in Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia. The latest e-learning technology has obvious potential in making polytechnics more competitive at the same time capable in producing good quality graduates and ready to compete in educational services globally. The main objective of this study is to identify the level of acceptance and impact of Blended Learning among lecturers in Polytechnic Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. Relative and non-dependent variable factors were used to test whether the lecturers' acceptance factor determines the level of implementation of this blended learning. A survey was conducted by using a set of questionnaire to collect quantitative data involving 270 respondents representing several academic departments in the Polytechnic of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (PSMZA). The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 software to obtain percentage values, frequency and mean scores. A pilot study found that the Alpha Cronbach's alpha was 0.933 and it showed a high level of reliability for the items tested. The scope of this study focuses on the level of acceptance and impact of Blended Learning only. Overall, respondents positively accept Blended Learning as part of learning and teaching process.


INTRODUCTION
The National e-Learning Policy (DePAN) has been formulated by the Ministry of Education Malaysia in view of the importance and development of information and communication technology systems in the rapidly expanding educational field in conjunction with the evolution of the economy and industry. The main purpose of the DePAN formulation is to encourage the implementation of e-Learning based teaching and learning methods to be more organized, clear and capable of better mechanisms (Mohamed Amin & Mohd Najib, 2010).
One of the online learning concepts implemented in Polytechnic Malaysia is Blended Learning or integrated learning. The blended learning approach is one of the methods in e-learning. The concept of blended learning practiced in all Malaysian polytechnics will focus on 21st century pedagogy that combines traditional (face-to-face) learning and online learning. Moreover, this approach uses the latest digital technology to provide opportunities for the public especially lecturers and students, no matter where they are. Blended Learning refers to courses that have a mix of online and offline learning approaches with 30% -80% online course content and course activities that either support or replace face-to-face learning (CAP eLearning, 2014).
Blended Learning is a concept of mixing conventional learning models with virtual ISSN : 2615-2312 (ONLINE) ISSN : 2615-1596 learning through communication information technology (Hussin et al., 2013). By utilizing this concept lecturer can use various teaching and learning methods, different kinds of delivery techniques through virtual learning environment that can trigger a new phenomenon of learning. The integration or blending of such learning should be able to attract students to avoid boredom and lose focus on the subjects they are learning. Blended learning is a method of teaching and learning that combines conventional methods of face-to-face and also uses virtual learning online anywhere at free time and can be referenced at any time (Yu et al., 2014;Gecer, 2013;Osgerby, 2013;Mahajan and Chaturdevi, 2013). Whilst Whitelock and Jefts (2003) points out that blended learning is a blend of traditional (face-to-face) learning with online web approaches, a combination of media and tools used in e-learning environments as well as a combination of several pedagogical approaches regardless learning the use of technology. Based on the definition and interpretation of blended learning by several previous researchers, it can be concluded here that blended learning emphasizes the integration or integration of learning methods. It is also a teaching and learning method that combines the conventional method of face-to-face and also uses virtual learning online.

Problem Statement
Most educational institutions in Malaysia still practice face-to-face learning instead of using e-learning concepts especially in blended learning. This is evident in the statistics on e-learning in Malaysia where the use of learning methods is still at a moderate level of 35% compared to face-to-face and one-to-one learning with 100% and 40%. In this regard, it is clear that the use of blended learning methods remains low despite the emphasis on e-learning (Embi and Assembly, 2010). Furthermore, according to a study by Said (2015) at the Polytechnic of Merlimau Melaka, where the level of lecturers' readiness for teaching and learning is at a moderate level. In addition, the results of the study on the faculties of the lecturers were also modest with a mean value of 3.52, followed by the level of lecturer preparation for blended learning with a mean of 3.34, whereas the level of implementation of the blended learning is also modest with the lowest mean value of 3.32.
Based on the CIDOS usage statistics for 2019 at Polytechnic Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (PSMZA), the level of usage of the CIDOS Platform blended learning is still at a moderate level. Therefore, the researcher wants to see the acceptability and effectiveness of blended learning activities at PSMZA.

Objectives of the Study
This study was conducted based on the following objectives: a. To identify the level of effectiveness in performing blended learning among PSMZA lecturers b. To identify whether teaching experience factor influence acceptance and effectiveness in the implementation of blended learning Scope of the Study The study was conducted at PSMZA. The study sample consists of lecturers from various academic departments in PSMZA. The sample was selected based on the lecturers' feedback through online questionnaire. The aim of this study is to focus on the level of acceptance and effectiveness of blended learning in PSMZA from the lecturer's perspective.

Study Limitations
This study focused on the PSMZA lecturers who are utilizing blended learning in teaching. The result cannot be generalized to the other polytechnics in Malaysia. In ISSN : 2615-2312 (ONLINE) ISSN : 2615-1596 addition, based on Kerlinger (2000), the study used a self-reported questionnaire survey form are limited in nature by the accuracy of the participant response.

Importance of Study
The importance of this study is that it will benefit stakeholders to identify the developmental stages of blended learning as a learning aid. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for Polytechnic Management to analyze the acceptability and impact on the implementation of blended learning among PSMZA lecturers. The findings of this study could be used by PSMZA to ensure lecturers practice using integrated online learning consistently without constraints. Lecturers in PSMZA can find out the reality of conducting blended learning at this institution and further encourage them to produce materials or teaching aids in the future. The results of this study are also expected to be used as reference material by other educational institutions. In addition, it is hoped that it will serve as a guide to other researchers who wish to develop this study in the future.

Literature Review
In Malaysian Polytechnic, Learning Management System (LMS) used in teaching and learning for Polytechnic lecturers is called Curriculum Information Document Online System (CIDOS). CIDOS is a medium of interaction between lecturers and students. CIDOS provides the interface to save, evaluate and share digital contents. The main function of CIDOS is to (CIDOS) facilitating the implementation of blended learning. In a study conducted by Nik Azida, Ahmad and Harith (2015) at the Ungku Omar School of Commerce, students gained positive perceptions about online assessment using blended learning.
In general, many previous studies have Izudin (2013) which reported increased motivation and performance as a result of blended learning. Gecer and Dag (2012) stated that students acknowledge that blended learning supports active learning and that the use of online materials is attractive. Similar findings were presented by Hubackova, Semradova, and Klimova (2011), when students were most likely to enjoy blended learning. The advantages of face-to-face learning and e-learning have been incorporated into blended learning to ensure learning achieves its goals. According to Yahaya and Ning (2011) among other visible effects of e-Learning implementation including the various R&D innovations can be generated directly to increase the confidence of the teaching staff for the purpose of delivering the course syllabus.
The findings of the recent study according to the study of Faridah et al (2012) show that students agree that the encouragement of the lecturers is convincing in their use of e-Learning. This shows that the role of lecturers is very important in increasing the effectiveness of e-Learning. Students find the instructional materials uploaded in e-Learning by the lecturers help them learn a course independently and save cost when performing assessments such as assignments, quizzes, tests and other assignments. Nihra et al (2007) stated that the role of lecturers is very important in enhancing the effectiveness of e-learning. Students find the instructional materials uploaded in elearning by the lecturers help them to learn a course independently and save cost when implementing assessment tools.

RESEARCH METHODS
This chapter describes the focus and methods of research carried out for the purpose of data collection and analysis. Discussions are conducted under sub-headings such as study design, population, sample, research instrument, variables, data collection and analysis as a whole. Adapted from : Amirudin, Rakemi dan Hidayat (2015) Figure 1: Research Framework

Design of the Study
Design of a study is a specific technique and method for obtaining information for problem solving. Through the techniques and methods selected will provide reliable and reliable insights. This study is descriptive through survey method using questionnaire form as a means of obtaining information. According to Chua (2006), the survey method using the questionnaire method is a data collection tool for a specific period of time, and it can explain the relevance of the pattern at a certain level.

Population and Sample
The population of this study focuses on the whole of the lecturers who are directly involved in the teaching and learning activities. The population was obtained from the administration unit by the end of 2019, with data showing 270 academic lecturers in PSMZA. The questionnaire was distributed online through lecturers' emails and feedback of 190 questionnaire forms was obtained. However, only 181 questionnaire forms were used, which included some incomplete questionnaire forms for research data.

Research Instruments
The use of the questionnaire instrument in this study is important because the quality of the questionnaire set determines the value of the research. The questionnaire was designed based on the objective of the study for the purpose of data collection. Researchers have formulated questions related to the respondents' information and two research questions on the acceptability and effectiveness of integrated learning among lecturers at the PSMZA. The questionnaire was divided into two sections where section I consisted of questions aimed at the respondents' background while section II consisted of two sections divided into 10 questions covering research questions related to the level of acceptance and effectiveness of the targeted learning practice.

Data Analysus Procedures
This questionnaire will be processed using SPSS software (Statistical Packages for Social Science version 20.0). The researcher uses mean score calculations, frequency values and percentages to analyze the collected data. If the mean value was between 1.00 and 2.40, the respondent group was considered to have a low level of competence, while the mean level would be recorded if the mean value was between 2.41 and 3.80. Finally, high values are recorded if the mean values are between 3.81 and 5.00. The relationship of the study factors is based on the initial hypothesis with the correlation coefficient of Pearson shape. Positive or negative coefficient values indicate that the high correlation between the 2 variables and the analytical findings will be compared with the original hypothesis that is considered as support and reference whether the findings are accepted or rejected.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter the researchers discuss the conclusions and analyzes that has been conducted from the data obtained using SPSS 20.0.   Table 4 shows the distribution of respondents by category of academic departments. Respondents from the Department of Mechanical Engineering had the highest response rate of 49 lecturers. The lowest were from the Department of General Studies, Mathematics, Science and Computer and Information and Communication Technology, accounting for 24 lecturers, accounting for 13% of the total respondents.

Finding Analysis
The second part of the study consisted of 10 question items divided into two sections according to the research questions to determine the level of acceptance and effectiveness of blended learning. The analysis of the findings of the first part was evaluated based on the following mean scores:

a. Analysis of Acceptance and Effectiveness of Blended Learning
This section contains 10 question items related to the acceptance and effectiveness of blended learning. The data analyzed using mean values and the results of the study are as follows:  Table 7 shows the analysis of the level of acceptance related to the implementation of blended learning among the PSMZA lecturers. Items 1 and 2 were at the high mean score levels of 3.81 and 3.76 while mean scores for items 3, 4 and 5 were in the moderate range of 3.64, 3.60 and 3.61. Items that have the highest mean score for the questionnaire have a mean score of 3.81. According to table 8 above, analyzes of the variables of the level of effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning among the PSMZA lecturers showed that the mean scores for each of item items 1, 2, 3 and 4 were high at 3.69 to 3.88 while the mean scores for question 5 items were within a moderate level of 3.55. The highest scoring question items were item 3 in which 85 lecturers expressed agreement for this question item. This indicates that most respondents agree a variety of learning activities can be applied through this blended learning.

b. Correlation Analysis
The analysis uses Pearson correlation to see the relationship between teaching experience variables on acceptance and effectiveness. Table 9 shows that the two variables have a correlation value of less than 0.20. According to Guilford's (1970) interpretation table, the correlation coefficient less than 0.20 indicate that there is no correlation between these two coefficients. This shows that the teaching experience does not influence the acceptance and effectiveness of the lecturers towards the implementation of the blended learning in PSMZA. There is no statistically significant correlation between teaching experience and acceptance level of blending learning in PSMZA's teaching staff. The same observation also found for correlation between teaching experience and the effectiveness of blending learning. Refer to Table 9.

Discussion
Data analysis shows a high mean score for the acceptance of lecturers who have practiced blended learning for the past 5 years. In addition, lecturers enjoyed the use of blended learning and were frequently providing notes through CIDOS. This is because ISSN : 2615-2312 (ONLINE) ISSN : 2615-1596 (PRINTED) the high mean scores for all three items indicate no significant differences. The positive reception by the respondents showed that the learning of the mix greatly helped the teaching and learning process in polytechnics. Yusuf (2011) also argues that the CIDOS platform developed is a blended learning method developed for the use of lecturers for all polytechnics in Malaysia. In the study of the effectiveness of the blended learning method, the result has clearly shown that the respondents agree that student assessment activities using blended learning very helpful. The process of assessing students will be easier and faster using blended learning with a variety of activities.
The findings of this correlation test mean that the use of blended learning cannot be restricted by teaching experience and various teaching and learning activities using blended learning should be widely used in PSMZA. In addition, the results of this study were supported by Nihra e.t al, (2007) who stated that the role of lecturers is very important in enhancing the effectiveness of e-learning.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on this study, the researcher has discussed the objectives, methodology, findings and discussion on the level of acceptance and effectiveness of blended learning in PSMZA. Positive findings were recorded where the level of acceptance and effectiveness is at a high level. Pearson correlation analysis has shown that there is no relationship between teaching experience towards acceptance and effectiveness of blended learning the implantation of the blended learning in PSMZA.