IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development)

A Systematic Review of Challenges Experienced by Cross Border Investments in Developing Countries. A Case of Multinational Companies Expanding into the African Region E

2024-06-05T09:23:19+07:00

Purpose: This paper provides a systematic review of challenges faced by multinational companies in developing countries, in particular the African region.

Design/methodology/approach: This paper review relevant literature aimed at addressing the research question: “What are the challenges faced by cross border investments as they expand into Africa? The paper discusses the findings and proposes various recommendations to the challenges with the aim of improving the investment environment in developing countries to boost economic activity.

Findings: Major challenges identified to be impacting cross border investments in developing countries are Political environment, regulatory environment, diversity and multicultural challenges, Leadership, Governance and Economic environment. For the purposes of literature review, the term cross border investments may be interchanged with Multinational Companies. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for future research.

Paper type: Review Paper

Overview of Women Entrepreneurship in The Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2024-06-04T16:06:24+07:00

Purpose: This article aims to review prior research on women entrepreneurship and recommend/propose future research opportunities for South Africa’s women’s entrepreneurship research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach: A literature review technique was used, and all studies between 2002 and 2022 that addressed the issues pertaining to women entrepreneurs in the Eastern Cape were searched and analysed. To successfully do this, a review of literature consisting of 14 studies was undertaken.

Findings: The literature review pertaining to women entrepreneurship in the Eastern Cape Province yielded five ensuing themes: gender bias within the entrepreneurial discourse, motivation for women entrepreneurs, contribution of women entrepreneurs, barriers facing women entrepreneurs, and support required by women entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications: Women entrepreneurship research in South Africa is still growing, which presented a limit to the number of studies that were used in carrying out the review.

Practical implications: The study encourages women business owners to develop their professional skills and familiarise themselves with entrepreneurial capabilities that have a positive impact on their productivity.

Paper type: Literature review

Marketing and Motivational Factors that Influence Attitude Towards Consumption of Vegan Food Products Among Young Consumers

2024-06-04T16:11:21+07:00

The Role of International Trade on Economic Growth in Somalia

2024-06-04T16:13:48+07:00

Purpose: This paper investigated the role of international trade on economic growth in Somalia, the main objective of the paper is to find out the role of export and import on economic growth in Somalia and to determine the relationship between international trade and economic growth in Somalia.

Design/methodology/approach: Somalia’s major exports are livestock, bananas, skins, fish, charcoal, and scrap metal, the major export partners included the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Oman. The studies in 2020 indicated that Somalia was the number 173 economy in the world in terms of total exports and number 140 in total imports.

Findings: In 2021, Somalia exported a total of 482million USD, making it the number 168 exporter in the world, during the last five reported years, the exports of Somalia have changed by 149millionm USD from 631million USD in 2016 to 482million USD in 2021. Furthermore, the economy is described as a very open economy according to the ratio of imports plus exports to GDP which is 91.5 percent, the 7th highest in Sub-Saharan Africa and 45th highest in the world.

Practical implications: The major export of Somalia is livestock which is accompanied by its products i.e. hides and skins though the country deliberately depends on imports of food and non-food items. On the contrary, imports start from neighboring countries including Gulf countries, in South East Asia, and Somalia’s exports for 2021 were $1.53B, a %30.05 increase from 2020, Contribution of livestock to the national economy is estimated at %60-65.

Paper type: Literature review

Analysis of the Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation to Employee Performance at PT. Falcon Berkat Indonesia

2024-06-04T16:15:25+07:00

Production System Development, Aviary and Sliding Turning Product Innovation at CV. Mitra Jaya Company Malang to Increase Sales

2024-06-04T16:18:01+07:00

Purpose: This research was carried out using an R & D (Research and Development) approach or development research that produces a product. By using the ADDIE method (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). This research aims to develop a production system and product innovation. The resulting development products are in the form of development models, 1) Standard Operating Procedures, and 2) Product Innovation.

Design/methodology/approach: The model was developed with performance and needs analysis. In the initial development process, researchers consulted and validated with economic experts and IT experts to obtain input and suggestions about the model being developed and to determine the feasibility of the product development model. By using a questionnaire as a research instrument.

Findings: The research results obtained from the expert validation test results show that the model score obtained from the economic expert validation test results is (89.28), while the IT expert validation test (85) is in the very good category and does not need revision. In product trials carried out on 15 production employees at CV. Mitra Jaya Company has results with the highest score of 88.25, meanwhile, product innovation was tested on 4 consumers and obtained results with the highest score of 100. Thus, the Standard Operational Procedure development model can be used as a guideline in the production process, while product innovation can be applied to improve old products and new products to increase sales.

Paper type: Research Paper

The Impact of Compensation Upon Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as An Intervening Variable at the Dental Health Centre Jakarta Group

2024-06-04T16:19:49+07:00

Purpose: The objective of this research is to assess the impact of compensation upon employee impactiveness, while taking into account job contentment as an intervening factor, within the Dental Health Centre Group located in Jakarta.

Design/methodology/approach: This research employs a quantitative methodology and utilizes primary data obtained from a purposively sampled group of 113 employees from the Dental Health Centre Group in Jakarta. The data analysis techniques involve validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing utilizing t-tests and F-tests, as well as path analysis testing. Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) Version 22 is utilized for the analysis.

Findings: The outcomes suggest that compensation has an impact upon job contentment, albeit without any impact upon employee productivity. Nonetheless, job satisfaction has a significant bearing upon employee performance. It is noteworthy that the connection among compensation and employee performance is not entirely designed by job satisfaction.

Practical implications: According to the research outcomes regarding the three variables, it is apparent that compensation has a significant impact upon job contentment, which in turn affects employee productivity. Consequently, it is suggested that organizations offer fair compensation to cultivate worker satisfaction, ultimately amplifying their performance.

Originality/value: The researcher asserts that this research represents his original work and is the first of its kind utilized at the Dental Health Centre Group in Jakarta, bearing the title of the research under examination, with the exception of citations from select summaries included as references.

Paper type: Research paper

Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students Using The Shapero Entrepreneurial Event Model

2024-06-04T16:21:37+07:00

Purpose: This research aims to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, and perceived desire on entrepreneurial intentions using the Shapero Entrepreneurial Event Model theoretical approach.

Design/methodology/approach: The population in this study was 280 Tarakan City students. The data used in this case. This research is primary data sourced from questionnaires. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods. Variable measurement uses a Likert scale and the sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with SPSS and LISREL 8.80 software tools.

Findings: The findings show that entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy, self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, and perceived desire has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions.

Paper type: Research paper

The Effect of Transformational Leadership, School Culture, and Work Motivation on the Performance of State High School Teachers in Cirebon City

2024-06-04T16:23:51+07:00

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine how the performance of high school teachers in Cirebon City is affected by school culture, work motivation, and transformational leadership.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative approach was used in this research. 535 teachers in state high schools in Cirebon City comprised the population of this study. Simple random sampling was the sampling method used, where 84.25 or 84 respondents were obtained, and data collection samples were collected using a questionnaire, with the sample size determined using the Slovin formula. Findings: The findings indicate the relationship between work motivation, school culture, and transformational leadership with teacher performance.

Limitations/Research Implications: The effect of work motivation, school culture, and transformational leadership on teacher performance is the main focus of this research.

Practical Implications: Based on the study results, it is evident that teacher performance is simultaneously affected by all three variables - transformational leadership, school culture, and work motivation - both directly and indirectly. The performance of high school teachers in Cirebon City is collectively affected (simultaneously) by school culture, work motivation, and transformational leadership, in accordance with the study's findings on these factors.

Originality/Value: This paper is original

Paper Type: Research Paper

Analysis of Arabica Coffee Characteristics and Drying Method on Arabica Coffee Flavor Using Analysis of Variance

2024-06-04T16:26:50+07:00

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of the coffee drying process using a coffee drying house on the moisture content, acidity, caffeine value, and flavor of arabica coffee.

Design/methodology/approach: An experimental method with a two-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate significant differences between three different drying processes: Before Drying Process, Sun Drying Process, and Drying Process with Coffee Drying House

Findings: The results showed that sun-drying coffee with a coffee drying house produced coffee with lower moisture content, acidity, and caffeine value compared to the other drying processes

Research limitations/implications: The research location was Karot Village, Langke Rembong Subdistrict, Manggarai Regency. The object of research was the drying process of arabica coffee beans and the measurement of moisture content, acidity content and caffeine content of arabica coffee. The method used was analysis of variance with a fixed model (one-way anava design, block subsampling anava and two-factor anava). The data obtained were the acidity value, caffeine value, moisture content and coffee flavour.

Practical implications: The results of the research were successful and improved the quality of coffee exports in Karot Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency.

Originality/value: The research carried out by the researcher states that this research is the result of his work and is the first time at Karot Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency with the title of the research being researched, except for quotations from several summaries, all of which the researcher has explained the source.

Paper type: Research Paper

Optimization of Local Original Revenue (PAD) through Regional Tax Revenue of North Kalimantan Province

2024-06-04T16:30:53+07:00

Purpose: to analyze the effect of local tax revenue targets, regional tax intensification and intensification costs and management of regional tax receivables on the optimization of regional revenues of the North Kalimantan Provincial Government

Design/methodology/approach: quantitative research by taking the object of research at the Regional Revenue Agency of North Kalimantan Province in Tanjung Selor City. The analysis techniques used use multiple linear regression analysis, t-test and determination coefficient analysis

Findings: the variable target of regional tax revenue has a positive and significant influence on the optimization of local original revenue of North Kalimantan Province in 2015-2022. The variable costs of intensification and extensification do not have a significant influence on the optimization of local native income of North Kalimantan Province in 2015-2022. The variable of regional tax receivables management has a negative and significant influence on the optimization of local original revenue of North Kalimantan Province in 2015-2022.

Practical implications: Intensifying local tax revenue targets, local tax intensification and intensification costs and managing regional tax receivables towards optimizing local revenues of the North Kalimantan Provincial Government.

Originality/value: This paper is original

Paper type: research paper

The Impact of Work Engagement on Workforce Agility with Psychological Empowerment as A Moderator

2024-06-04T16:32:44+07:00

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of work engagement and psychological empowerment as moderator variables on workforce agility in the State Civil Apparatus of organisation X.

Design/methodology/approach: This study is quantitative and uses the Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA) technique with the SPSS 23 application. The measuring instruments used are the Workforce Agility Scale (Sherehiy, 2008) to measure workforce agility, the Psychological Empowerment Scale (Spreitzer, 1995) to measure psychological empowerment, and the UWES-17 (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004) to measure work engagement.

Findings: The findings of the study reveal a significant positive relationship between work engagement and workforce agility. Psychological empowerment can have a positive effect on the regression value as a moderator.

Research limitations/implications: To enhance and optimize research results, additional methods are required to obtain in-depth information. Future research should conduct interviews with relevant parties to ensure and strengthen the phenomenon under study.

Paper type: Research paper

Financial Distress Analysis to Predict the Bankruptcy Rate of State-Owned Banks Using the Altman Z–Score Method

2024-06-04T16:34:25+07:00

Purpose: Bankruptcy is the inability of a company to continue its operations due to a decline in its financial condition and has liabilities or debts that are greater than the value of its assets. This study aims to predict the level of bankruptcy of state-owned banks using the Altman Z – Score method.

Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative research approach with the Z – Score method. The data used is secondary data in the form of state-owned commercial bank financial reports for the period 2019 – 2021 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), taken from the official website at www.idx.co.id. The variables used consist of 4 independent variables and 1 dependent variable, namely Working Capital to Total Assets (X1), Retained Earnings to Total Assets (X2), Earnings Before Interest and Taxes to Total Assets (X3) and Book Value of Equity to Book Values of Debt (X4) and analysis index Z – Score (Z).

Findings: The results of the Z – Score calculation, the four banks in this study are in the Gray Area and Distress Area categories because working capital, retained earnings and operating profits are smaller than their total assets, and the amount of debt is greater than their total equity. The chance of bankruptcy will be even greater if the company's management does not immediately make improvements or evaluate the company's financial condition.

Paper type: Research paper

The Impact of Brand Equity and Promotion on Toyota Customer Loyalty at the "XYZ" Dealership in Surabaya City

2024-06-04T16:37:26+07:00

Purpose: to find out how the influence of brand equity and promotion on Toyota consumer loyalty at the "XYZ" Surabaya dealership

Design/methodology/approach: The method of data processing and analysis is using quantitative analysis which includes the interpretation of data obtained in research and the results of data processing that has been carried out by providing information and explanations, as well as quantitative analysis which includes validity and reliability tests, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis tests through F test and T test and regression coefficient analysis (R2).

Findings: the influence of brand equity and promotion has a good influence on customer loyalty. Based on the results of the analysis, the indicators in this study are valid and the variables are reliable. The results of this study show that there is a simultaneous influence on brand equity and promotion variables on customer loyalty. The results of this study also show that brand equity and promotion variables have a significant partial effect on customer loyalty. In the determination test, there was an influence of 60.5% of the independent variables (brand equity and promotion) on the dependent variable (customer loyalty). Meanwhile, the remaining 39.5% were influenced by other variables and were not included in this study.

Practical implications: knowing the effect of brand equity and promotion on Toyota consumer loyalty at the "XYZ" Surabaya dealership

Originality/value: This paper is original

Paper type: research paper

Employee Job Security, Emotional Stability and Adaptability in Predicting Employee Retention among Gen Z Employees

2024-06-04T16:47:26+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to discuss job security, emotional stability and adaptability in predicting employee retention of Gen Z employees in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a quantitative approach with primary data collection. The sample taken was 133 respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression using SPSS.

Findings: This study found that job security, emotional stability and adaptability succeed to predict employee retention among Gen Z employees in the research context.

Research limitations/implications: This study only examines the effect of predictor variables on outcome variables in the context of a manufacturing company and involves only 133 respondents.

Practical implications: This finding informs managers that to increase the stay rate of Gen Z employees, their perceptions of job security, emotional stability, and adaptability are important to be maintained. Hence, management needs to pay attention and implement strategies that strengthen these factors to increase the employee retention of Gen Z employees.

Originality/value: This paper is an original paper because it has not been published anywhere.

Paper type: Research Paper

Construction of the Performance Marketing Model of Superior Product in the One Village One Product (OVOP) Program

2024-06-05T09:23:17+07:00

Purpose: The decline in the number of MSME players and marketing performance is an indication of the effectiveness of the OVOP program towards the down streaming of marketing performance of SMEs in leading products assisted by Islamic banking in Central Java. These findings led this study to find empirically variables that could explain the problem of marketing performance by using a competitive advantage variable approach, business networking capabilities, HR competencies, financial factors, and operational factors.

Design/methodology/approach: The influence of marketing performance, competitive advantage, business networking capabilities, HR competencies, financial factors, and operational factors are visualized in the empirical model tested in this study using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis technique approach.

Findings: The results of the tests conducted show that competitive advantage is built through the capabilities of business networks, HR competencies, financial factors and operational factors where financial factors are the main explanation. The test results also show that competitive advantage is proven to be a variable that can explain the occurrence of variations in marketing performance.

Research limitations: The predictors examined in this study are still limited to internal factors and do not involve other factors outside MSMEs.

Practical implications: Increasing business networking capabilities, HR competencies, financial factors and operational factors.

Originality/value: This research develops an empirical model to explain marketing performance in leading MSMEs

Paper type: Research paper

Determinant Earning Management

2024-06-05T09:23:16+07:00

Purpose: This study tries to identify "the influence of sales growth, tax planning, firm size and profitability on earnings management (case study of consumer goods sector companies listed on IDX in 2017-2021)"

Design/methodology/approach: This analysis comprises all consumer products sector enterprises listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2017 and 2021. Purposive sampling was utilized. This survey included 45 businesses for food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021.

Findings: Earnings management is somewhat affected by the following elements, which are listed below: when it comes to earnings management, sales growth and profitability have a partial impact; nevertheless, tax planning and firm size do not have a partial impact on earnings management.

Practical implications: By concentrating on increasing sales and making strategic tax preparations, businesses can improve their ability to control their profits. Additionally, the size of the company and its profitability are important considerations when it comes to maximizing earnings management.

Paper type: Research paper

Factors Employee Performance with Compensation as Moderating Variables

2024-06-05T09:23:15+07:00

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employee performance and human resource development as well as views of organizational support, with remuneration serving as a moderating factor in the assessment of this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach: The investigation will be carried out at PT. International Chemical Industry for the purpose of conducting a case study. Two models are generated by the PLS analysis, which are referred to as the outer model and the inner model. A bootstrapping scenario was used to test the hypothesis, and the results of the t test (t-statistics) were used to interpret the data. PT. International Chemical Industry, which is based in Surabaya, was the location where the research was carried out.

Findings: Based on these data, it can be concluded that improvement in human resource management has a favorable and significant impact on employee performance. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the perception of organizational support does not have a positive or statistically significant impact on the performance of employees. Based on these findings, it appears that the provision of money does not have a positive or statistically significant impact on the performance of any employees. According to the findings of this study, human resource development has a considerable detrimental influence on employee performance, which is compensated by increases in wage. The data presented here demonstrates that when salary is taken into consideration, perceived organizational support does not have a statistically significant positive impact on the performance of employees.

Practical implications: The findings of this study underline the significance of aligning compensation with the capabilities of employees in order to increase both level of productivity and motivation. It underlines the necessity for organizations to prioritize fair compensation and give sufficient managerial assistance for employee happiness and performance improvement.

Characteristics of Good Governance and its Impact on Village Financial Management

2024-06-05T09:23:18+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to test and analyze the characteristics of good governance and its impact on village financial management in Sumpira village, Baebunta Selatan sub-district.

Design/methodology/approach: This research uses quantitative methodology based on quantitative through distributing questionnaires. In this study the population was employees in the Sumpira village office. While the sampling technique is saturated side (census) which means that sampling utilizes the entire population. Then the data was analyzed with the SPSS 26 program.

Findings: Show your finding here Accountability has a positive effect on village financial management in Sumpira Village, while transparency has a positive effect on village financial management in Sumpira Village.

Research limitations/implications: The study also revealed several obstacles in the implementation of good governance, such as the lack of human resource capacity and resistance to change.

Practical implications: By applying the characteristics of good governance in village financial management, it is expected that transparent, accountable, participatory, efficient, fair, responsive, consensual, and law-abiding management can be achieved. This will have a positive impact on improving the welfare of village communities and sustainable development.

Originality/value: This title is not only original but also has significant potential value in various aspects both theoretical and practical. By examining the characteristics of good governance and its impact in the context of village financial management, this research can make a meaningful contribution to improving governance and welfare at the village level.

Paper type: Research paper

The Influence of Promotion Mix, Brand Image and Lifestyle on Purchase Decisions at Tokopedia with Consumer Behavior as An Intervening Variable

2024-06-05T09:23:15+07:00

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of Promotion mix on Consumer Behavior, Brand image on Consumer Behavior, Lifestyle on Consumer Behavior, Promotion mix on Purchase Decisions, Brand image on Purchase Decisions, Lifestyle on Purchase Decisions, Consumer Behavior on Purchase Decisions , Promotion mix on purchase decisions with consumer behavior as an intervening variable, brand image on purchase decisions with consumer behavior as an intervening variable, lifestyle on purchase decisions with consumer behavior as an intervening variable on Tokopedia.

The data collection technique used to fill out a questionnaire using the Purposive Sampling method which was distributed to the sample population of 100 respondents and processed using the SEM-PLS application.

And the research results show that there is a significant influence of Promotion mix on Consumer Behavior, there is a significant influence of Brand image on Consumer Behavior, there is a significant influence of Lifestyle on Consumer Behavior, there is a significant influence of Promotion mix on Purchase Decisions, there is a significant influence of Brand image on Purchase Decisions , there is a significant influence of Lifestyle on Purchase Decisions, there is a significant influence of Consumer Behavior on Purchase Decisions, there is a significant influence of Promotion mix on Purchase Decisions with Consumer Behavior as an intervening variable, in this research it is known that there is no significant influence of Brand image on Purchase Decisions with Consumer Behavior as an intervening variable, there is a significant influence of lifestyle on purchase decisions with consumer behavior as an intervening variable in Tokopedia.

The Effect of Corporate Culture and Employee Commitment and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance at PT. Swabina Gatra (Cement Indonesia Group)

2024-06-05T09:23:14+07:00

Purpose: Knowing and analyzing the effect of Corporate Culture on Employee Performance, Employee Commitment on Employee Performance, and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance, data collection techniques using questionnaire filling with quantitative methodology distributed to a sample population of 110 people and processed using the Amos version 26 application and for the results of the study indicate that there is a significant effect of Corporate Culture on Employee Performance, as well as Employee Commitment on Employee Performance, and also Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance.

Design/ Methodology/ Apporach: Quantitative Approach

Findings: aspects that affect employee performance

Research limitations/ implications: Implementation during working hours and in-house repairs

Practical Implications: Culture, commitment, and transformational leadership affect employee performance

Originality/ value: there is an influence on employee performance from the variables used

Paper Type: Research Paper