MOTORIC

STUDI PERBANDINGAN POSITIVISM DAN POST-POSITIVISM, TEORI KRITIS DAN KONSTRUKTIVISME TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PENELITIAN

Yahya Raja Ado — 2025-06-30

This article discusses four main paradigms in the philosophy of science: Positivism, Post-positivism, Critical Theory, and Constructivism. These paradigms play a significant role in shaping research methodologies and perspectives on knowledge. Positivism is rooted in the belief that truth can be attained through empirical observation and deductive logic, while post-positivism acknowledges the limitations of objectivity and the importance of social context in knowledge formation. Critical Theory focuses on emancipating individuals from oppressive power structures, whereas Constructivism emphasizes the role of individuals in constructing reality. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the concepts, comparisons, and applications of these paradigms in scientific research.

Keywords: Positivism, Post-positivism, Critical Theory, Constructivism, Philosophy of Science

MODIFIKASI & PENGEMBANGAN PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA DALAM PENGENALAN MATERI BELAJAR PADA SISWA PAUD DI TK-HANGTUAH 3 SURABAYA

Dzulkifli Dzulkifli — 2025-06-30

This study wants to determine the effectiveness of learning both in the introduction of material in early childhood by using educational game tools through modification and development of snake and ladder games. Methods: The research used the Experimental Method involving 25 students of class A2 TK Hangtuah 3 Surabaya. Results: Based on the results of the research obtained, namely: 1) Providing knowledge to children through the learning process of playing while learning. 2) Stimulating the development of thinking, creativity, and language in order to be able to foster good attitudes, mentalities, and morals. 3) Creating an engaging play environment, providing a sense of security, and fun. 4) Know how to lose and win. 5) Learn to work together in groups and wait for your turn. Conclusion: in the development and modification of educational game tools (APE), this snake and ladder is very satisfactory from the teaching teacher and this APE is considered very effective and practical

Keywords: snake and ladder game, introduction to learning materials

ETIKA PENDIDIKAN: MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN MODERN

varia virdania virdaus — 2025-06-30

Moral education is a crucial element in building a generation with character, especially amid the challenges of social change and globalization. This article analyzes the importance of ethics in education with a philosophical and qualitative approach, focusing on the concept, theory, and practical application of moral values in the modern education system. The philosophical approach uses ethical theories, namely deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, to explore the relationship between moral principles and educational practices. The qualitative approach involves analysis of primary and secondary literature and contextual case studies. The results of the analysis show that moral education can improve interpersonal relationships in the school environment, shape socially responsible students and create an inclusive society. Strategies for implementing moral values include integration in the formal curriculum, extracurricular programs and the role of teachers as moral role models. However, obstacles identified include the lack of teacher training, the dominance of academic orientation in the education system and the challenges of multiculturalism. This article recommends educational reforms that emphasize value-based curriculum, intensive teacher training, and holistic measurement of success to balance cognitive and moral aspects. With the integration of ethics, the education system can shape individuals who are not only skilled but also have high moral integrity.This conclusion emphasizes the importance of moral education as the core of the modern education system, making it the main tool in creating a moral and welfare-oriented future generation. This article makes theoretical and practical contributions to the development of value-based education in the era of globalization.

Keywords: educational ethics, moral values, modern education, ethical theory, character education

PENGGUNAAN APE DENGAN PENDEKATAN MONTESSORI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA 3-4 TAHUN DI PPT DAHLIA I SURABAYA

Angelia Theresia — 2025-06-30

ABSCTRACT

Angelia Theresia, 05119007. Use of educational game tools with a Montessori approach to Improve Fine Motor Skills in Children Aged 3-4 Years at PPT Dahlia I Surabaya

This study is to find out how efforts are being made to improve children's fine motor skills through APE with the Montessori approach. Based on the reality at PPT DAHLIA I Surabaya's children still encounter obstacles in their fine motor skills. Children are more happy with games in general than games that require calm and motoric skills. Out of 15 children, only 6 children who can beading well. The research was carried out using a classroom action research model. The research subjects were the 3-4 year old age group with the analysis techniques used were average values, percentages and graphs. In order to obtain valid results, it is carried out using research techniques through two cycles of cycle steps, and each cycle consists of four stages, namely Planning, Implementation, Observation and Reflection. Based on the results of the study it turned out that activities to improve children's fine motor skills through APE activities with the Montessori approach at PPT DAHLIA I Surabaya seemed to increase in the very well developed category. This can be seen from the final results of the implementation of cycle I with a percentage of 40%. Then in cycle II, the percentage of successful children was 82%. With these improvements, children have the opportunity to develop their fine motor skills through APE activities with a Montessori approach. Thus, APE with the Montessori approach does help in the development of children's fine motor skills.

Keywords: Fine motor skills, use of APE with theMontessori Approach, Classroom Action Research

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Melalui Pemamfaatan Media Balok Cusenaire Pada Kelompok A Tk.Dharma Wanita Setda Kota Surabaya

RITA TATIK WIDYANINGSIH — 2025-06-30

ABSTRACT

Tatik W, Rita. 2022. Meningkatan Kemampuan Berhitung Melalui Pemanfaatan

Media Balok Cuisenaire Pada Kelompok A TK Dharma Wanita Setda Kota Surabaya.

This research is motivated by building children's numeracy skills Kindergarten in understanding the concept of numbers by using Cuisenaire blocks as media. This study aims to improve numeracy skills through the use of Cuisenaire block media in Group A of Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Regional Secretariat of Surabaya City

The subjects of this study were group A students, Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Regional Secretariat of Surabaya City, which consisted of 23 students. Learning to count in kindergarten still uses drill and practice methods practice the pencil paper test, this makes children feel bored and tired quickly. So that children's numeracy skills can develop better then it is necessary a fun medium that is with Cuisenaire beam media. This classroom action research was carried out through 2 cycles each each cycle has stages: planning, observation, evaluation, and reflection. Data collection techniques are tests and non-tes, non-test through observation, and tests through performance. Qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative.This research is motivated by building children's numeracy skills Kindergarten in understanding the concept of numbers by using Cuisenaire blocks as media. This study aims to improve numeracy skills through the use of Cuisenaire block media in Group A of Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Regional Secretariat of Surabaya City

The results showed that there was an increase in ability count with Cuisenaire beam media in each cycle. On the aspect understanding of numbers the initial condition of the child's ability is 40% which is developing very good, in the first cycle the child's ability increased to 66% and increased even better in cycle II, namely 86%. Aspect comparison, on initial conditions 37% which developed very well. And in cycle I increased 66%, and in cycle II it increased again to 86%. Aspect analysis and the probability in the initial condition of the child is 33%, while in cycle I it increases to 60%, and increased even better in cycle II, namely 86%. This increase exceeds the success indicator to be achieved, namely 80%.

Based on this description, it can be concluded that by using Cuisenaire block media can improve the numeracy skills of kindergarten students group A. It is suggested that the teacher can develop more Cuisenaire block media varied to improve the numeracy skills of kindergarten children.

PERANAN GURU PAUD DALAM MENINGKATKAN NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUSITAS DAN SOSIALITAS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK AL-INSAN SURABAYA

desi wulan dari — 2025-06-30

Concern regarding the decline in religiosity and sociality values in young
children, there are young children who do not obey teachers during the teaching and
learning process which is carried out in class and outside of class, fight among friends,
do not participate in praying together and say dirty things to teachers and friends. This
research aims to: describe the role of PAUD teachers in instilling religious values and
sociality in early childhood at AL Insan Kindergarten Surabaya. The type of research
used in the research is descriptive qualitative research.The research results presented
illustrate that at AL Insan Surabaya Kindergarten, teachers instill and practice
Karimah's moral values in students. They focus on developing a good relationship with
Allah, maintaining personal purity, loving each other, helping fellow Muslims, and
having noble morals towards everyone. The main emphasis is to provide an in-depth
understanding of moral values in the Islamic religion and encourage students to
practice them in everyday life. A safe and supportive environment is created to
encourage Karimah's moral practices. Through the application of the values of faith,
piety, Karimah morals, and understanding and practicing the teachings of the Islamic
religion, this school aims to form students who are religiously devout and have noble
morals in accordance with Islamic principles.

STRATEGI PEMBELaJARAN INKUIRI MELALUI MINI LAB SAINS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN ABAD KE-21

Fitri Rofiyarti — 2025-06-30

In a global era marked by the rapid development of technology and information, 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, analytical, creative, communication, and collaboration are very important for students. This article discusses the role of the science mini lab strategy combined with the inquiry-based learning (IBL) approach as an innovative learning strategy in developing these skills. Through hands-on methods, inquiry-based learning, and independent exploration, science mini labs encourage students to actively ask questions, investigate, design experiments, and draw conclusions based on evidence. This approach has been shown to increase active participation, high-level thinking skills, and strengthen teamwork and effective communication. Through a literature review, this article describes various forms of mini lab implementation, from portable kits to virtual laboratories, as well as case studies of their use in schools. The results of various studies show that the integration of IBL in mini labs can enrich the learning experience, improve learning outcomes, and prepare students to face real-world challenges. Thus, the implementation of inquiry-based science mini labs is a strategic step in presenting contextual and empowering education.

Analisis Pengaruh Peran Guru dan Gaya Pengasuhan Orang Tua terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Dengan Model Persamaan Struktural

Lukman Junaedi — 2025-06-30

This study investigates the influence of teacher roles and parenting styles on character formation of students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Sleman Yogyakarta. Overcoming the limitations of previous studies that used multiple linear regression, this study adopted Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to model causal relationships between latent variables while controlling measurement errors. A sample of 200 students was selected through purposive sampling, with data collected via a Likert scale questionnaire 1-4 that has been validated through confirmatory factor analysis (? ? 0.70). Latent variables include: Teacher Role (X?) with 19 indicators (including motivators and facilitators), Parenting Style (X?) with 10 indicators (including democratic and responsive), and Character Formation (Y) with 24 indicators (including discipline and responsibility). The results of the SEM analysis showed a very good model fit (CFI=0.938; RMSEA=0.046; SRMR=0.048), revealing a significant influence of the Teacher's Role on Character Formation (?=0.36, *p*<0.001) and a stronger impact of Parenting Style (?=0.69, *p*<0.001). The findings also showed a high correlation between the two independent variables (?=0.71, *p*<0.001), confirming the synergy of the school-family environment. The dominance of the family's role in character education is balanced by the crucial contribution of teachers, with practical implications including democratic parenting programs, teacher training based on the role of motivators/facilitators, and holistic education policies. This study provides a methodological contribution through the application of SEM in the context of Islamic basic education as well as empirical validation of the ecological model of character formation.