Coal Management and National Energy Security: A Legal Analysis of Power Outages in Indonesia

Khansa Pandan Semilir; Rini Indah Suci; Nonik Wahyu Ningsih; Sony Untungan Yuwono; Nur Kholis

Khansa Pandan Semilir Universitas Narotama
Rini Indah Suci Universitas Narotama
Nonik Wahyu Ningsih Universitas Narotama
Sony Untungan Yuwono Universitas Narotama
Nur Kholis Universitas Narotama

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world’s largest coal producers, with coal remaining a major source of energy for electricity generation. However, despite its abundant coal resources, Indonesia continues to face energy security challenges, including power outages and instability in electricity supply across several regions. This study aims to analyze the legal framework for coal management in supporting national energy security and its implementation within Indonesia’s electricity system. The research uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches by examining relevant regulations and legal principles. The results show that Indonesia has regulated coal management through the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) policy and various legal instruments in the energy and electricity sectors. Nevertheless, implementation still faces challenges, including weak supervision, inconsistent enforcement, governance issues, and conflicts between export interests and domestic energy needs. These problems affect the reliability of electricity supply and the effectiveness of coal utilization for national energy security. Therefore, strengthening oversight, improving stakeholder coordination, ensuring consistent implementation of regulations, and accelerating the transition toward sustainable energy sources are necessary to achieve national energy security in accordance with Article 33, paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

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