Before submitting articles to reviewers, those are first checked for similarity/plagiarism tool by a member of the editorial team. The papers submitted to the UN PENMAS must have a similarity level of less than 20%.

Plagiarism exposes another person’s thoughts or words as though they were your own, without permission, credit, or acknowledgment, or because of failing to cite the sources properly. Plagiarism can take diverse forms, from literal copying to paraphrasing the work of another. To properly judge whether an author has plagiarized, we emphasize the following possible situations:

• An author can literally copy another author’s work- by copying word by word, in whole or in part, without permission, acknowledge or citing the source. This practice can be identified by comparing the source and the manuscript/work suspected of plagiarism.
• Substantial copying implies for an author to reproduce a substantial part of another author without permission, acknowledgment, or citation. The substantial term can be understood both in terms of quality as quantity, being often used in intellectual property. Quality refers to the relative value of the copied text in proportion to the work as a whole.
• Paraphrasing involves taking ideas, words, or phrases from a source and crafting them into new sentences within the writing. This practice becomes unethical when the author does not properly cite or acknowledge the original work/author. This form of plagiarism is the more difficult form to be identified.