Unraveling Enterprise Continuity and Resiliency Factors: The Case of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
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Jul 31, 2022
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Purpose: Whether an occurrence is natural disaster and man-made calamity, one thing is sure, it is not expected and at some instances, it cannot be avoided by any means. Just like other entities, businesses are vulnerable to these risks and it would surely cost the resources and profit of these enterprises. This study aimed to unravel the enterprise continuity and resiliency factors among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Region XII in the Philippines.
Design/methodology/approach: The survey utilized an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 450 respondents
Findings: Results showed that there were five elements that emerged: disaster preparedness, institutional planning and control, external relations, stakeholder’s support, disaster mitigation and support investment.
Research limitations/implications: Although most of the enterprises surveyed have an idea how to respond to calamities and mitigate disastrous situations, this research argues that a solid policy framework might be drawn through the local government units concerned to institutionalized this effort.
Practical implications: Findings suggest that models such as pre-disaster agreement may be initiated and policy framework can be patterned after The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Originality/value: This paper is an original work.
Paper type: Research paper
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Referensi
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Asgary, A., Anjum, M. I., & Azimi, N. (2012). Disaster recovery and business continuity after the 2010 flood in Pakistan: Case of small businesses. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, 46-56.
Atmanand. (2003). Insurance and disaster management: The Indian context. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 12(4), 286-304.
Bechtel, R. B. (2010). Environmental psychology. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1-3.
Becker-Birck, C., Crowe, J., Lee, J., & Jackson, S. (2013) Resilience in Action: Lessons from Public Private Collaborations Around the World. Boston: Meister Consultants Group, Inc.
Becker, J. S., Paton, D., Johnston, D. M., & Ronan, K. R. (2012). A model of household preparedness for earthquakes: how individuals make meaning of earthquake information and how this influences preparedness. Natural Hazards, 64(1), 107-137.
Benson, C., & Clay, E. J. (2003). Disasters, vulnerability and the global economy. Building safer cities: The future of disaster risk, 3, 3-32.
Bosher, L., Dainty, A., Carrillo, P., Glass, J. (2007). Built-in Resilience to Disasters: A PreEmptive Approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14 (5), 434- 446.
Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2011). EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database. Retrieved from http://www.emdat.be/
Chang, Y., Wilkinson, S., Seville, E., & Potangaroa, R. (2010). Resourcing for a resilient post-disaster reconstruction environment. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 1(1), 65-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17595901011026481
Corey, C. M., & Deitch, E. A. (2011). Factors affecting business recovery immediately after Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Contingencies and crisis management, 19(3), 169-181.
Dahlhamer, J. M., & D'Souza, M. J. (1995). Determinants of business disaster preparedness in two US metropolitan areas. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 15 (2): 265-281.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2011). Business Continuity and Disaster Preparedness Planning Patterns and Findings from Current Research. Retrieve from https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1854-25045-6573/businesscpr.pdf
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Field, A.P. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (2nd Edition). Sage: London.
Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of usability studies, 5(3), 104-110.
G20 and OECD. (2012). Disaster Risk Assessment and Risk Financing: A G20/OECD methodical framework. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/G20disasterriskmanagement.pdf
Guarnacci, U. (2012). Governance for sustainable reconstruction after disasters: Lessons from Nias, Indonesia. Environmental Development, 2(1), 73-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.03.010
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6ª edição). New Jersey: Pearson Educational.
Haworth, B., & Bruce, E. (2015). A review of volunteered geographic information for disaster management. Geography Compass, 9(5), 237-250.
ILO (2011). Multi-hazard Business Continuity Management Guide for small and medium enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/instructionalmaterial/wcms_187875.pdf
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Jigyasu, R. (2013). Long-term cultural impacts of disaster decision-making: The Case of Post Earthquake Reconstruction in Marathwada, India. Archnet-IJAR, 7(3), 14-23.
Kaiser, H. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-6.
Kapucu, N., Hawkins, C. V., & Rivera, F. I. (2013). 18 Emerging Research in Disaster Resiliency and Sustainability. Disaster resiliency: Interdisciplinary perspectives, 4, 355.
Karanci, N. A., & Aksit, B. (2000). Building Disaster-Resistant Communities: Lessons Learned from Past Earthquakes in Turkey and Suggestions for the Future. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 18(3), 403-416
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Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), 1069-1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.816863
Labadie, J. R. (2008). Auditing of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction activities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 17(5), 575-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560810918612
Lindell, M. K. (2013). Disaster Studies. Current Sociology, 61 (5-6), 797-825.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage publications.
Mitchell, T., Jones, L., Lovell, E. and Comba, E. (2013) (eds) Disaster risk management in post-2015 development goals: potential targets and indicators. London: ODI
Moe, T. L., & Pathranarakul, P. (2006). An integrated approach to natural disaster management. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal.
Moe, T. L., Gehbauer, F., Senitz, S., & Mueller, M. (2007). Balanced scorecard for natural disaster management projects. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal.
National Research Council. (2011). National earthquake resilience: Research, implementation, and outreach. National Academies Press.
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1-2), 127-150.
Odegard, L., & van Wyngaarden, R. (2006). The Best Of Both Worlds In Reilly, Jim (2005). At MISO, Emergency Drills Mean Communications,” Transmission & Distribution World, 35-41.
Patwardhan, A., Semenov, S., Schnieder, S., Burton, I., Magadza, C., Oppenheimer, M.,. & Sukumar, R. (2007). Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change. Climate change, 779-810.
ProVention Consortium (2009). ‘Practice Review on Innovations in Finance for Disaster Risk Management. A contribution to the 2009 ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction’.
PwC (2013). Stimulating private sector engagement and investment in building disaster resilience and climate change adaptation: Recommendations for public finance support. (PwC report for DfID). London: PwC
Sadiq, A. A. A. (2011). "Adoption of Hazard Adjustments by Large and Small Organizations: Who Is Doing the Talking and Who Is Doing the Walking?". Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 2(3), 1-17
Setyawan, A. A., Isa, M., Wajdi, F., & Syamsudin, S. (2017). Disaster as business Risk in SME: An exploratory study. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 6(6), 52-63.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Tierney, K. J., Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2013). Facing the unexpected: disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Langara College.
Tierney, K. J., Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2013). Facing the unexpected: disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Langara College.
Turoff, M. (2002). Past and future emergency response information systems. Communications of the ACM, 45(4), 29-32.
Twigg, J. (2015). Disaster risk reduction. London: Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group.
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2009). "UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction", United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland., 35.
Wheatman, V. (2001). Aftermath: disaster recovery. Gartner Research.
Altay, N., & Green III, W. G. (2006). OR/MS research in disaster operations management. European journal of operational research, 175(1), 475-493.
Asgary, A., Anjum, M. I., & Azimi, N. (2012). Disaster recovery and business continuity after the 2010 flood in Pakistan: Case of small businesses. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, 46-56.
Atmanand. (2003). Insurance and disaster management: The Indian context. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 12(4), 286-304.
Bechtel, R. B. (2010). Environmental psychology. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1-3.
Becker-Birck, C., Crowe, J., Lee, J., & Jackson, S. (2013) Resilience in Action: Lessons from Public Private Collaborations Around the World. Boston: Meister Consultants Group, Inc.
Becker, J. S., Paton, D., Johnston, D. M., & Ronan, K. R. (2012). A model of household preparedness for earthquakes: how individuals make meaning of earthquake information and how this influences preparedness. Natural Hazards, 64(1), 107-137.
Benson, C., & Clay, E. J. (2003). Disasters, vulnerability and the global economy. Building safer cities: The future of disaster risk, 3, 3-32.
Bosher, L., Dainty, A., Carrillo, P., Glass, J. (2007). Built-in Resilience to Disasters: A PreEmptive Approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14 (5), 434- 446.
Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2011). EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database. Retrieved from http://www.emdat.be/
Chang, Y., Wilkinson, S., Seville, E., & Potangaroa, R. (2010). Resourcing for a resilient post-disaster reconstruction environment. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 1(1), 65-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17595901011026481
Corey, C. M., & Deitch, E. A. (2011). Factors affecting business recovery immediately after Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Contingencies and crisis management, 19(3), 169-181.
Dahlhamer, J. M., & D'Souza, M. J. (1995). Determinants of business disaster preparedness in two US metropolitan areas. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 15 (2): 265-281.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2011). Business Continuity and Disaster Preparedness Planning Patterns and Findings from Current Research. Retrieve from https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1854-25045-6573/businesscpr.pdf
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. sage.
Field, A.P. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (2nd Edition). Sage: London.
Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of usability studies, 5(3), 104-110.
G20 and OECD. (2012). Disaster Risk Assessment and Risk Financing: A G20/OECD methodical framework. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/G20disasterriskmanagement.pdf
Guarnacci, U. (2012). Governance for sustainable reconstruction after disasters: Lessons from Nias, Indonesia. Environmental Development, 2(1), 73-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.03.010
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6ª edição). New Jersey: Pearson Educational.
Haworth, B., & Bruce, E. (2015). A review of volunteered geographic information for disaster management. Geography Compass, 9(5), 237-250.
ILO (2011). Multi-hazard Business Continuity Management Guide for small and medium enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/instructionalmaterial/wcms_187875.pdf
Jha, A. K., & Stanton-Geddes, Z. (Eds.). (2013). Strong, safe, and resilient: a strategic policy guide for disaster risk management in East Asia and the Pacific. The World Bank.
Jigyasu, R. (2013). Long-term cultural impacts of disaster decision-making: The Case of Post Earthquake Reconstruction in Marathwada, India. Archnet-IJAR, 7(3), 14-23.
Kaiser, H. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-6.
Kapucu, N., Hawkins, C. V., & Rivera, F. I. (2013). 18 Emerging Research in Disaster Resiliency and Sustainability. Disaster resiliency: Interdisciplinary perspectives, 4, 355.
Karanci, N. A., & Aksit, B. (2000). Building Disaster-Resistant Communities: Lessons Learned from Past Earthquakes in Turkey and Suggestions for the Future. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 18(3), 403-416
Kellett, J. and Peters, K. (2014) Dare to Prepare: Taking Risk Seriously. London: ODI.
Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), 1069-1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.816863
Labadie, J. R. (2008). Auditing of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction activities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 17(5), 575-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560810918612
Lindell, M. K. (2013). Disaster Studies. Current Sociology, 61 (5-6), 797-825.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage publications.
Mitchell, T., Jones, L., Lovell, E. and Comba, E. (2013) (eds) Disaster risk management in post-2015 development goals: potential targets and indicators. London: ODI
Moe, T. L., & Pathranarakul, P. (2006). An integrated approach to natural disaster management. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal.
Moe, T. L., Gehbauer, F., Senitz, S., & Mueller, M. (2007). Balanced scorecard for natural disaster management projects. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal.
National Research Council. (2011). National earthquake resilience: Research, implementation, and outreach. National Academies Press.
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1-2), 127-150.
Odegard, L., & van Wyngaarden, R. (2006). The Best Of Both Worlds In Reilly, Jim (2005). At MISO, Emergency Drills Mean Communications,” Transmission & Distribution World, 35-41.
Patwardhan, A., Semenov, S., Schnieder, S., Burton, I., Magadza, C., Oppenheimer, M.,. & Sukumar, R. (2007). Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change. Climate change, 779-810.
ProVention Consortium (2009). ‘Practice Review on Innovations in Finance for Disaster Risk Management. A contribution to the 2009 ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction’.
PwC (2013). Stimulating private sector engagement and investment in building disaster resilience and climate change adaptation: Recommendations for public finance support. (PwC report for DfID). London: PwC
Sadiq, A. A. A. (2011). "Adoption of Hazard Adjustments by Large and Small Organizations: Who Is Doing the Talking and Who Is Doing the Walking?". Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 2(3), 1-17
Setyawan, A. A., Isa, M., Wajdi, F., & Syamsudin, S. (2017). Disaster as business Risk in SME: An exploratory study. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 6(6), 52-63.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Tierney, K. J., Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2013). Facing the unexpected: disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Langara College.
Tierney, K. J., Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2013). Facing the unexpected: disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Langara College.
Turoff, M. (2002). Past and future emergency response information systems. Communications of the ACM, 45(4), 29-32.
Twigg, J. (2015). Disaster risk reduction. London: Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group.
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2009). "UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction", United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland., 35.
Wheatman, V. (2001). Aftermath: disaster recovery. Gartner Research.