EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL MARKETING ON SURVIVAL OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.
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Jul 31, 2023
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Abstract
The state of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is deteriorating, and the environment is irrational in a way that has led to many businesses, especially SMEs, collapsing early in their existence. In this study, the survival of SMEs in the state of Anambra was examined in relation to ecological marketing. Descriptive survey methodology was used in the study. All SMEs in Anambra State make up the study's population, and 384 people were chosen for the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. As a result, respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used included multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. Technology, sociocultural factors, and economic factors all had a positive and significant impact on the study's findings regarding the survival of SMEs. However, in Anambra State, political factors have a significant and detrimental impact on SMEs' ability to survive. In light of this, the study came to the conclusion that ecological marketing significantly affects SMEs' ability to survive in Anambra State, Nigeria. Additionally, it claimed that businesses are on the verge of extinction if they don't recognise and act quickly on the new trends and problems in their environment. However, this study recommended strengthening the regulatory framework as well as providing adequate infrastructure facilities for SMEs to survive in Nigeria.
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References
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Obisi, C., & Gbadamosi, A. A. O. (2016). Nigeria business environment daunting:
Challenges and suggested solution. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 9(3), 144-150
Odumbaku, A. A., Alao, A. E., Dairo, O. & Oba-Abimbola, A. D. (2017). Impact of political
marketing environment on organizational survival: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management, 5(1), 1-9
Olaniyan, T., Ogbuanu, B. & Oduguwa, A. (2017). Effect of entrepreneurial marketing on SMEs development in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management. 5 (2), 40-60.
Olannye, A. P & Eromafuru E. (2016). The dimension of entrepreneurial marketing on the performance of fast-food restaurants in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 7(3):137-146.
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Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2016). Marketing. 16th Edition, Cengage Learning, Boston, 3-12.
Rex, E., & Baumann, H. (2007). Beyond ecolabels: Where green marketing can learn from
conventional marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 567–576.
Shehu, A. M., & Mahmood, R. (2014). The mediating effect of organizational culture on the
relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 480. Retrieved from https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/4553
Shin, K., Park, G., Choi, J.Y., & Choy, M. (2017). Factors affecting the survival of SMEs: A
study of biotechnology firms in South Korea. Sustainability, 9, 108.
Singh, P.B., & Pandey, K.K. (2012). Green marketing: Policies and practices for sustainable development. Integral Review, 5(1), 22-30.
Uthman, M. F., Sule, I. Z. O. & Singh, R. S. D. (2015). An analysis of impact of Boko Haram
insurgents on business entrepreneurship environment in Nigeria. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3), 37-44
Zonouzi, M., Hoseyni, M. & Khoramshahi, M. (2019). Political factors affecting the survival
of SMEs case study: An empirical study in Tehran Grand Bazaar, Asia Pacific Management Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.07.002
entrepreneurial intention: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(2), 80-94
Alabo, R.L & Anyasor, O.M (2020). Green marketing and sustainability of breweries in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research,8 (8), 19-48
Alhaji, I.A. & Muharram, F.M. (2019). The influence of environmental challenges on small
scale businesses in Bauchi central market. International Journal of Research and Review, 6(8), 550-559.
Ayedun, T. A., & Awoyemi, A. T. (2014). Business environment and enterprise survival: An
appraisal of cybercafé industry in Ondo state. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management, 2(1), 181-190
Adeyoriju, R. & Agbadudu, J.E. (2018). Influence of business environmental factors on micro, small and medium enterprise survival in Ondo city metropolis, Nigeria, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 6(7), 442-464.
Becherer, R. C., & Maurer, J. G. (1997). The moderating effect of environmental variables on the entrepreneurial and marketing orientation of entrepreneur-led firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22, 47-58.
https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879702200103
Carter, M. & Tamayo, A. (2017). Entrepreneurial and entrepreneurial skills of managers as determinant of organizational performance of small and medium enterprises in Davao Region, Philippines.
Chaudhary, B., Tripathi, S. & Monga, N. (2011). Green marketing & CSR. International Journal of Research in Finance & Marketing, 1(6). Retrieved from http://www.euroasiapub.org/IJRFM/Oct2011/5.pdf.
Das, S., Kundu, A., & Bhattacharya, A. (2020). Technology adaptation and survival of
SMEs: a longitudinal study of developing countries. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(6): 64-72. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1369
Ediri E.A. (2014) Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria. Makurdi – Nigeria. SOHA Production
Effiom, L. & Edet, S. E. (2018). Success of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria: do environmental factors matter? Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(4), 117-127.
Etuk, R. U., Etuk, G. U. & Baghebo, M. (2014). Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) and Nigeria’s economic development. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(7), 656-662. Doi: 10.5901/Mjss.2014.V5n7P656.
Eze, T. C., & Okpala, C. S. (2015). Quantitative analysis of the impact of small and medium scale enterprise on the growth of Nigeria economy: (1993-2011). International Journal of Development and Emerging Economies, 3(1), 26-38
Fillis, I., & Rentschler, R. (2010). The role of creativity in entrepreneurship. Journal of
Enterprising Culture, 18, 49-81.
Gado, N. D. (2015). The impact of the Nigerian business environment on company
performance: A case of 20 most capitalized companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(4), 36-48
Ganyaupfu, E. M. (2013). Entrepreneur and firm characteristics affecting success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Gauteng Province. International Journal of Innovative Research in Management, 9(2), 1–8.
Gbadeyan, R.A., & Omolekan, O. (2015). Relevance of green marketing on environmental
degradation: An empirical study of consumers’ of green products in Benin- City, Nigeria. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 21.
Gelderman, CJ, Schijns, J, Lambrechts, W, & Vijgen, S. (2021). Green marketing as an
environmental practice: The impact on green satisfaction and green loyalty in a business-to-business context. Business Strategic Environment. 2021; 30: 2061– 2076.
Ibrahim, T. M., &Muritala, T. A. (2015). Does government policies improve business
performance? Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 11(2), 143-159
Janet, M. and Ngugi, K. (2014) Influence of entrepreneurial marketing on the growth of SMEs in Kiambu Town-CBD, Kenya. European Journal of Business Management, 1, 361-377.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c010/78ca767327582aac36e2a87a2d360ab3e695.pdf
Junde, A. (2014). Effective participation of small and medium industries in a developing economy. Makurdi: Satos press.
Klapper, L. & Richmond, C. (2009). Patterns of business creation, survival, and growth: evidence from a developing country. Development Research Group, World Bank, Washington, DC; and Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles.
Katrandjiev, H. (2016). Ecological marketing, green marketing, sustainable marketing:
Synonyms or an evolution of ideas? Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1, 71-82.
Kolk, A. (2016). The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the
environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business, 51, 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.010
Lawrence, A., & Samuel, B. T. (2021). Sustainability marketing and economic performance
of quoted SMEs In Nigeria. Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 13(3), 20-32. Retrieved from https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JGEMBR/article/view/6797
Mark, J., &Nwaiwu, J. N. (2015). Impact of political environment on business performance
in multinational companies in Nigeria. African Research Review, 9(3), 2-10.
Makudza, F. (2021). Augmenting customer loyalty through customer experience management
in the banking industry, Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 28(3), 191-203.
Melovic, B., Mitrovic, S., Rondovic, B., Alpackaya, I. (2018). Green (Ecological) Marketing
in Terms of Sustainable Development and Building a Healthy Environment. In: Murgul, V., Popovic, Z. (eds) International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Transportation Facilities and Transport EMMFT 2017. EMMFT 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 692. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70987-1_135
Mort, G. S., Weerawardena, J. & Liesch, P. (2012). Advancing entrepreneurial marketing:
Evidence from born global firms. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), 542-561, https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561211202602.
Nguyen, K.T. P., Yeung, T. & Castanier, B. (2017). Acquisition of new technology
information for maintenance and replacement policies. International Journal of Production Research, 55: 2212–31.
Obisi, C., & Gbadamosi, A. A. O. (2016). Nigeria business environment daunting:
Challenges and suggested solution. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 9(3), 144-150
Odumbaku, A. A., Alao, A. E., Dairo, O. & Oba-Abimbola, A. D. (2017). Impact of political
marketing environment on organizational survival: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management, 5(1), 1-9
Olaniyan, T., Ogbuanu, B. & Oduguwa, A. (2017). Effect of entrepreneurial marketing on SMEs development in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management. 5 (2), 40-60.
Olannye, A. P & Eromafuru E. (2016). The dimension of entrepreneurial marketing on the performance of fast-food restaurants in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 7(3):137-146.
Pasha, S., Wenner, M. D., Bollers, E. & Clarke, D. (2018). Small business survival in Guyana: Insights and implications, Inter-American Development Bank, Country Department Caribbean Group. VI. Series. IDB-TN-1428, 1-43.
Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2016). Marketing. 16th Edition, Cengage Learning, Boston, 3-12.
Rex, E., & Baumann, H. (2007). Beyond ecolabels: Where green marketing can learn from
conventional marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 567–576.
Shehu, A. M., & Mahmood, R. (2014). The mediating effect of organizational culture on the
relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 480. Retrieved from https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/4553
Shin, K., Park, G., Choi, J.Y., & Choy, M. (2017). Factors affecting the survival of SMEs: A
study of biotechnology firms in South Korea. Sustainability, 9, 108.
Singh, P.B., & Pandey, K.K. (2012). Green marketing: Policies and practices for sustainable development. Integral Review, 5(1), 22-30.
Uthman, M. F., Sule, I. Z. O. & Singh, R. S. D. (2015). An analysis of impact of Boko Haram
insurgents on business entrepreneurship environment in Nigeria. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(3), 37-44
Zonouzi, M., Hoseyni, M. & Khoramshahi, M. (2019). Political factors affecting the survival
of SMEs case study: An empirical study in Tehran Grand Bazaar, Asia Pacific Management Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.07.002