Determinants of the Effectiveness of Public Procurement Risk Management Processes in Tanzania: Evidence from Tanzania Public Service College
Keywords:
Risk Management, Human capital, Organizational culture, Top management support, and Stakeholder involvement.
Abstract
This study examined the factors affecting the effectiveness of public procurement risk management at Tanzania Public Service College. Guided by the Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Involvement theories, the study focused on human capital, organizational culture, top management support, and stakeholder involvement.
Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a quantitative approach; data were collected from 120 respondents through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics
Findings: The findings showed that the four factors jointly explained 88.1% of the variation in procurement risk management effectiveness (R² = 0.881, p < 0.001). Stakeholder involvement was identified as the strongest influencing factor, followed by top management support, human capital, and organizational culture
Research limitations/implications: The study employed a case study research design, which may limit the generalisability of the findings to other organisations, industries, or geographical contexts.
Practical implications: The findings imply that the adoption of green logistics practices can contribute to the reduction of operational costs and improve overall organisational performance.
Originality/value: The study contributes original empirical evidence, as the data were collected directly by the researcher from the selected study sample.
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References
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Basheka, B.C. (2018) ‘Inclusive public procurement: Special groups’ financial support and the supply of
services and goods to public organisations in Tanzania’, Administratio Publica, 26(1), pp. 86–106.
Blak Bernat, G., Qualharini, E.L. and Castro, M.S. (2023) ‘Enhancing sustainability in project management:
The role of stakeholder engagement and knowledge management in virtual team environments’, Sustainability, 15(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065491.
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Fernanda, L. and Martins, R.S. (2023) ‘Risk management in public procurement: An exploratory case study in
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Hamir, H. and Sum, R.M. (2021) ‘Risk management processes developed for businesses’, Asia E-Conference
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Hickok, M. (2024) ‘Public procurement of artificial intelligence systems: New risks and future proofing’, AI and
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purchasing, and risk aversion as a toxic stew’, Canadian Public Administration, 67(4), pp. 517–532. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12589.
Jaffu, R. and Changalima, I.A. (2023) ‘Human resource development practices and procurement
effectiveness: Implications from public procurement professionals in Tanzania’, European Journal of Management Studies, 28(2), pp. 149–169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-09-2022-0050.
Joseph Luhambati, G. and Barogo Mutarubukwa, F. (2024) ‘The influence of organizational culture on
Tanzania public sector performance’, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 9(4), pp. 1813–1822.
Karpacz, J. and Wojcik-Karpacz, A. (2024) ‘The relationship between learning orientation, firm performance
and market dynamism in MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland: An empirical analysis’,Central European Management Journal, 32(2), pp. 216–232. Available at:https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-09-2023-0283.
Komakech, R.A., Ogoro Ombati, T., Kikwatha, R.W. and Githii Wainaina, M. (2024) ‘Resource-based view
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Stockholm University.
Marius, G.O. (2017) ‘Stakeholder involvement and the nature of procurement process in the United Nations
Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) Entebbe Support Base’, International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 1(2), pp. 55–81.
Masoud, Y. (2023) ‘Impediments to procurement performance in the parastatal organizations of Tanzania’,
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(2), pp. 187–196. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2306.
Mrope, N.P. and Namusonge, G. (2017) ‘Effects of procurement practices on performance of public institutions
in Tanzania’, European Journal of Business and Management, 9(8), pp. 40–50.
Muhozi, J. (2023) ‘NeST poised to have positive impact on good governance’, Tanzania Procurement Journal,
XV(47).
Mutangili, S.K. (2019) ‘Fighting corruption and promoting integrity in public procurement: Comparative study
between Kenya and Tanzania’, Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 3(1), pp. 48–62.
Mutinda, M. (2019) Implications of Ethical Procurement and Supply Management Process on Reduction of
Waste in Public Sectors: A Case of National Cereals Produce Board (NCPB). Nairobi: United States International University.
Mwalukasa, B.E. and Sallwa, A.A. (2024) ‘Effects of procurement risk management strategies on public
procuring entities’ performance’, Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil, 23, e3497. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.16930/2237-766220243497.
Mwita, K. (2025) ‘Understanding research philosophies and designs: A guide for early-career researchers’,
Eminent Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), pp. 43–52.
Nadi Morad (2021) ‘Stakeholder theory: Origins, developments and contributions to the field of business and
society’, African Scientific Journal.
Nginya, D.W. and Mutuku, M. (2024) ‘Stakeholder management and performance of non-governmental
organizations supported health care projects in Nairobi County, Kenya’, The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11(2), pp. 369–387.
Nyambitta, T.A. and Habibu, M.M. (2022) ‘The effects of stakeholder’s involvement on performance of public
authorities in delivering water services in Tanzania: Lesson from DAWASA’, Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 8(2018), pp. 154–161.
Nzimakwe, T.I. and Biyela, A.C. (2021) ‘Exploring the procurement challenges in the South African public
sector’, in Public Procurement, Corruption and the Crisis of Governance in Africa. Cham: Springer, pp. 73–92. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63857-3_5.
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Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/8b0c147d-en.
OECD (2023b) Public Procurement Performance: A Framework for Measuring Efficiency, Compliance and
Strategic Goals. OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, 36. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1787/c6d7f9cb-en.
PPRA (2023) Public Procurement for Better Value in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence of Challenges and
Opportunities. Dar es Salaam: Public Procurement Regulatory Authority.
PPRA (2024) Zooming in and out: Investigation into whistleblowing in Tanzania public procurement. Dar es
Salaam: Public Procurement Regulatory Authority.
Preda, I. and Simion, C.-P. (2019) ‘The risks of public procurements in Romania’, Proceedings of the 13th
International Management Conference, pp. 133–141.
Putrianti, S.D. and Amrullah, I.M. (2021) ‘Risk mitigation strategies in public procurement process: Evidence
from Sukabumi City, Indonesia’, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 564, pp. 222–226. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210629.042.
Shrivastava, V.K., Balasubramanian, J., Katyal, A., Yadav, A. and Yogananthan, S. (2023) ‘Understanding the
significance of risk management in enterprise management dynamics’, Multidisciplinary Reviews, 6(2023), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023035.
Umar, S.M., Abioye, A.M. and Mukhtar, M.M. (2025) ‘Importance of stakeholders’ engagement in the
implementation and adoption of e-procurement in building construction projects in the Federal Capital Territory’, African Journal of Stability and Development, 17(1), pp. 67–90.
URT (2023) Guidelines for Developing and Implementing Fraud Risk Management Framework in the Public
Sector Entities. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2023) Guidelines for Developing and Implementing Institutional Risk Management Framework in Public
Sector Entities. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2023) Public Procurement Act No. 10 of 2023. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2024) Public Procurement Regulations GN No. 518 of 2024. Dodoma: Government Printer.
Warmate, S.M.S. (2021) ‘Stakeholder management in public procurement: Rethinking the engagement
strategy for cofinancing in Rivers State, Nigeria’, International Journal of Management Research and Economics, 1(3), p. 22 -38.
Yussuf, M., Masunya, N.E., Maswi, E.C., Harun, M., Sikana, V., Nkwanya, Z., Salula, J., Mgyabuso, H.,
Mwanjwango, S.A. and Maregesi, M. (2024) ‘Impediments to implementation of the procurement audit recommendations in the public sector in Tanzania: Challenges and solutions’, International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 7(5), pp. 100–114.
performance: A case study of selected record systems in Nigeria’, Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 7(1), pp. 22–30.
Alazzabi, W.Y.E., Mustafa, H. and Karage, A.I. (2023) ‘Risk management, top management support, internal
audit activities and fraud mitigation’, Journal of Financial Crime, 30(2), pp. 569–582. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2022-0063.
Ameyaw, C. and Mensah, S. (2022) ‘Public procurement risk management practices in sub-Saharan Africa: A
systematic review’, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(4), pp. 437–455. Available at:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-04-2021-0100.
Barney, J.B., Ketchen, D.J. and Wright, M. (2021) ‘Resource-based theory and the value creation framework’,
Journal of Management, 47(7), pp. 1936–1955. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211021655.
Basheka, B.C. (2018) ‘Inclusive public procurement: Special groups’ financial support and the supply of
services and goods to public organisations in Tanzania’, Administratio Publica, 26(1), pp. 86–106.
Blak Bernat, G., Qualharini, E.L. and Castro, M.S. (2023) ‘Enhancing sustainability in project management:
The role of stakeholder engagement and knowledge management in virtual team environments’, Sustainability, 15(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065491.
CAG (2023) Annual General Report of the Controller and Auditor General for the Financial Year 2021/2022.
Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office of Tanzania.
CAG (2024) Annual General Report on Audit of Local Government Authorities for the Financial Year 2022/23.
Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office of Tanzania.
CAG (2025) Annual General Report on Central Government Audit for the Financial Year 2023/2024. Dar es
Salaam: National Audit Office of Tanzania.
Ceocea, C., Ceocea, R.A., Vatamaniuc, A. and Mih?la?, V. (2020) ‘Risk management in public procurement
process: Particularities and solutions for optimizing public procurement in Romania in the context of emergency caused by the Covid-19 crisis’, Studies and Scientific Researches. Economics Edition, 31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29358/sceco.v0i31.444.
Changalima, I.A., Mushi, G.O. and Mwaiseje, S.S. (2021) ‘Procurement planning as a strategic tool for public
procurement effectiveness: Experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma City, Tanzania’, Journal of Public Procurement, 21(1), pp. 37–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-05-2020-0047.
Controller and Auditor General (CAG) (2023) Performance Audit Report on the Management of Disposal of
Government Motor Vehicles. Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office of Tanzania.
Controller and Auditor General (CAG) (2024) Annual General Report of the Controller and Auditor General on
the Audit of Public Authorities and Other Bodies for the Financial Year 2022/23. Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office of Tanzania.
Cooper, M. (2024) Building Resilient Supply Chains: Perspectives on Procurement Risk Management.
Evanston: Kellogg School of Management.
Davila, A. (2024) ‘Stakeholder theory’, in A Guide to Key Theories for Human Resource Management
Research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 294–300. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923713.00039.
Ebekozien, A., Samsurijan, M.S., Aigbavboa, C., Awe, E.O., Amadi, G.C. and Emuchay, F.E. (2023)
‘Unravelling the encumbrances in procurement management of Nigeria’s infrastructure development: Pitfalls and prospects of projects’, Property Management, 41(1), pp. 20–40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-05-2022-0034.
Falcón-Cortés, A., Aldana, A. and Larralde, H. (2022) ‘Practices of public procurement and the risk of corrupt
behavior before and after the government transition in México’, EPJ Data Science, 11(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00330-3.
Fazekas, M. and Blum, J.R. (2021) ‘Improving public procurement outcomes: Review of tools and the state of
the evidence base’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 9690, pp. 1–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9690.
Fernanda, L. and Martins, R.S. (2023) ‘Risk management in public procurement: An exploratory case study in
an agency of the State Government of Minas Gerais Gestão’, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais– UFMG, 20(1).
Hamir, H. and Sum, R.M. (2021) ‘Risk management processes developed for businesses’, Asia E-Conference
on Business.
Hickok, M. (2024) ‘Public procurement of artificial intelligence systems: New risks and future proofing’, AI and
Society, 39(3), pp. 1213–1227. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01536-4.
Howlett, M. and Migone, A. (2024) ‘The problems of public procurement in Canada: Rule layering, strategic
purchasing, and risk aversion as a toxic stew’, Canadian Public Administration, 67(4), pp. 517–532. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12589.
Jaffu, R. and Changalima, I.A. (2023) ‘Human resource development practices and procurement
effectiveness: Implications from public procurement professionals in Tanzania’, European Journal of Management Studies, 28(2), pp. 149–169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-09-2022-0050.
Joseph Luhambati, G. and Barogo Mutarubukwa, F. (2024) ‘The influence of organizational culture on
Tanzania public sector performance’, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 9(4), pp. 1813–1822.
Karpacz, J. and Wojcik-Karpacz, A. (2024) ‘The relationship between learning orientation, firm performance
and market dynamism in MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland: An empirical analysis’,Central European Management Journal, 32(2), pp. 216–232. Available at:https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-09-2023-0283.
Komakech, R.A., Ogoro Ombati, T., Kikwatha, R.W. and Githii Wainaina, M. (2024) ‘Resource-based view
theory and its applications in supply chain management: A systematic literature review’, Management Science Letters, 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2024.1.001.
Kubwimana, J. (2024) Cultural Barriers to Digital Innovation in a Public Organization in Rwanda. Stockholm:
Stockholm University.
Marius, G.O. (2017) ‘Stakeholder involvement and the nature of procurement process in the United Nations
Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) Entebbe Support Base’, International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics, 1(2), pp. 55–81.
Masoud, Y. (2023) ‘Impediments to procurement performance in the parastatal organizations of Tanzania’,
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(2), pp. 187–196. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2306.
Mrope, N.P. and Namusonge, G. (2017) ‘Effects of procurement practices on performance of public institutions
in Tanzania’, European Journal of Business and Management, 9(8), pp. 40–50.
Muhozi, J. (2023) ‘NeST poised to have positive impact on good governance’, Tanzania Procurement Journal,
XV(47).
Mutangili, S.K. (2019) ‘Fighting corruption and promoting integrity in public procurement: Comparative study
between Kenya and Tanzania’, Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 3(1), pp. 48–62.
Mutinda, M. (2019) Implications of Ethical Procurement and Supply Management Process on Reduction of
Waste in Public Sectors: A Case of National Cereals Produce Board (NCPB). Nairobi: United States International University.
Mwalukasa, B.E. and Sallwa, A.A. (2024) ‘Effects of procurement risk management strategies on public
procuring entities’ performance’, Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil, 23, e3497. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.16930/2237-766220243497.
Mwita, K. (2025) ‘Understanding research philosophies and designs: A guide for early-career researchers’,
Eminent Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), pp. 43–52.
Nadi Morad (2021) ‘Stakeholder theory: Origins, developments and contributions to the field of business and
society’, African Scientific Journal.
Nginya, D.W. and Mutuku, M. (2024) ‘Stakeholder management and performance of non-governmental
organizations supported health care projects in Nairobi County, Kenya’, The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11(2), pp. 369–387.
Nyambitta, T.A. and Habibu, M.M. (2022) ‘The effects of stakeholder’s involvement on performance of public
authorities in delivering water services in Tanzania: Lesson from DAWASA’, Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 8(2018), pp. 154–161.
Nzimakwe, T.I. and Biyela, A.C. (2021) ‘Exploring the procurement challenges in the South African public
sector’, in Public Procurement, Corruption and the Crisis of Governance in Africa. Cham: Springer, pp. 73–92. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63857-3_5.
OECD (2023a) Managing Risks in the Public Procurement of Goods, Services and Infrastructure. Paris: OECD
Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/8b0c147d-en.
OECD (2023b) Public Procurement Performance: A Framework for Measuring Efficiency, Compliance and
Strategic Goals. OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, 36. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1787/c6d7f9cb-en.
PPRA (2023) Public Procurement for Better Value in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence of Challenges and
Opportunities. Dar es Salaam: Public Procurement Regulatory Authority.
PPRA (2024) Zooming in and out: Investigation into whistleblowing in Tanzania public procurement. Dar es
Salaam: Public Procurement Regulatory Authority.
Preda, I. and Simion, C.-P. (2019) ‘The risks of public procurements in Romania’, Proceedings of the 13th
International Management Conference, pp. 133–141.
Putrianti, S.D. and Amrullah, I.M. (2021) ‘Risk mitigation strategies in public procurement process: Evidence
from Sukabumi City, Indonesia’, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 564, pp. 222–226. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210629.042.
Shrivastava, V.K., Balasubramanian, J., Katyal, A., Yadav, A. and Yogananthan, S. (2023) ‘Understanding the
significance of risk management in enterprise management dynamics’, Multidisciplinary Reviews, 6(2023), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023035.
Umar, S.M., Abioye, A.M. and Mukhtar, M.M. (2025) ‘Importance of stakeholders’ engagement in the
implementation and adoption of e-procurement in building construction projects in the Federal Capital Territory’, African Journal of Stability and Development, 17(1), pp. 67–90.
URT (2023) Guidelines for Developing and Implementing Fraud Risk Management Framework in the Public
Sector Entities. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2023) Guidelines for Developing and Implementing Institutional Risk Management Framework in Public
Sector Entities. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2023) Public Procurement Act No. 10 of 2023. Dodoma: Government Printer.
URT (2024) Public Procurement Regulations GN No. 518 of 2024. Dodoma: Government Printer.
Warmate, S.M.S. (2021) ‘Stakeholder management in public procurement: Rethinking the engagement
strategy for cofinancing in Rivers State, Nigeria’, International Journal of Management Research and Economics, 1(3), p. 22 -38.
Yussuf, M., Masunya, N.E., Maswi, E.C., Harun, M., Sikana, V., Nkwanya, Z., Salula, J., Mgyabuso, H.,
Mwanjwango, S.A. and Maregesi, M. (2024) ‘Impediments to implementation of the procurement audit recommendations in the public sector in Tanzania: Challenges and solutions’, International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 7(5), pp. 100–114.
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